Platon ve Lacan dolayımında arzu sorunsalı

Abstract

Key Words: Eros, Desire, Divided Worlds, Homeless, Tragedy, Dialogue, Lacking, In-between, SubjectThis thesis aims to articulate the foundless relation between ?desire? and ?human existence? by analyzing Plato?s and Lacan?s conceptions of Eros. Concept of desire is important in Plato?s and Lacan?s thinking and it was treated especially by Plato in his some dialogues such as Lysis, Phaedrus and Symposium. Actually it is possible to say that desire is main point for Plato and that this concept has creative functionality and there is an essential relation between dialogue form and eros in Plato?s thought. Human being belongs to different, divided worlds and because of this his existence is homeless. Eros, as a between point making connection between the world of ideas and the world of becoming. In fact, there is a failed relation than succesful relation in Plato?s concept of divided worlds and in this context it?s possible to say that Plato?s philosophy is tragic and he intentionally chooses theatrical style to explicate his own ideas. This artistic style is erotic and as an unexhausted process erotic principle never accomplishes to unite this divided worlds; that?s why this nature makes whole adventure of eros tragic. That?s to say, erotic process occurs tragically. In this context it is possible to argue that Plato?s philosophy is an adventure of a lacking existence which wants Being. According to Lacan, like Plato, divided being is essential in point of human existence and desire is center of this ex-centric existence. Giving ground for the existence knot which consist of imaginary, symbolic and real, desire makes installation of the subject but it is not possible to say about an accomplished subject; because subject is always subject of lacking and it is continuously in motion, in other word, this movement is about desire means nothing than unfulfilled space which subject tries to fill up ever time but cannot never accomplishes. Lacan analyzes desire not by scientific discourse which is characteristically paranoiac trait but by artistic discourse which makes possible to face beautiful. That?s why he regards to Antic Greek tragedy, especially to Sophocles and in this context he offers Antigone as his paradigm for an ethics of self-transformation that transcends the historically and politically structured realm of the pleasure principle, an ethics that thereby reveals the limits of any socially constituted notion of good and by concept of tragedy he concantrates on erotic existence and it?s revealing beauty which exceeds the limits of good and enters the zone of absolute desire. Basic idea of both thinkers is about a tragic existence consist of desire and in this regard it?s possible to say that both thinkers? philosophy is about an adventure of a disrupted being which desires to fill up it?s lacking. To explicate those ideas properly, in the first section of the thesis, it?s attempted to expose how desire understood in context of the three dialogues of Plato; in the second section, it?s intended to elucidate how Lacan discloses tragic structure of desire and lacking essence of human existence by tragedy of Antigone as exhibited in VII. Seminar. In the last chapter, Plato?s and Lacan?s concept of desire is compared critically. The final statement of this thesis is that human being as a lacking-openness makes visible it?s essence in terms of erotic and tragic relation for both thinkers.