Gazali ve Swinburne'de Tanrı-zaman ilişkisi
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2001
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Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Abstract
In the tradition of Philosophy and theology God's eternity has been interpreted in two ways. According to the first view God's eternity means that He is outside of time or timeless. As for the rival view, God is not a timeless being but He has an existence which persists through an infinite time. In this thesis, firstly I analysed Gazali' s approach, who adopts the view of God's timelessness. According to him, time did start by the creation of the Universe and it has only an accidental reality. The existence of time depends on motion and change. The fact that God is an immutable being and the Creator everything except himself shows that He is a timeless being. But God's timelessness and immutability do not keep him from being a person. Because, to perform an action causes only a relational change in God. As for the God's knowledge about the temporal facts, according to Gazali, God knows them by a timeless and immutable knowledge. Because, from the God's point of view, past, present and future are not real distinctions. Secondly, I analysed Swinburne's views, who defends God's temporality. According to him, time as a logical necessity must be unbounded. God as an omnipotent and omniscient being can't exist at an instant as it has been caimed in the view of divine timelessness. In the same way, God's knowing temporal facts depends on His existence in time. In addition to this, the fact that divine actions such as creating, loving and knowing mean that He can't be an immutable being in a strong sense. God is not a timeless being but He exists throughout all periods of time. The fact that God and time exist together doesn't mean that God is a time's prisoner. Because this arises from the divine will.
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