Communications, Series C: Biology

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Metal accumulatıon profıle ın crayfısh tıssues from çomar stream
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Ergen, Şeyda Fikirdeşici; Biyoloji; Fen Fakültesi
The accumulation of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr and Al in the exoskeleton, hepatopancreas, gills and muscle tissues of the Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) (crayfish) obtained from Çomar Stream were determined by correlation analysis. The strongest correlations were observed between Mn-Cu (r=0.780) and Fe-Cu (r=0.744) in the hepatopancreas. The highest metal concentration was observed in hepatopancreas, the lowest was determined in the muscle tissue. Sequence of metal concentration levels were Al> Fe> Mn> Zn> Cu> Ni> Pb> Cr in exoskeleton and gills, Al> Fe> Mn> Cu> Zn> Ni> Pb> Cr in hepatopancreas and Al> Mn> Fe> Zn> Cu> Pb> Ni=Cr in muscle.
Investıgatıon of the antımıcrobıal actıvıty of vitis vinifera l. Boğazkere
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Çeter, Talip; Other; Other
In this study, extracts from Boğazkere cultivar of Vitis vinifera L. at 10 µL, 50 µL and 100 µL concentrations were tested against 18 different bacterial and fungi strains using disc diffusion (DD) method along with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungisidal concentration (MBC/MFC) tests to reveal possible antimicrobial properties. Then, the obtained results were compared with 18 known antibiotics. The results revealed that 7.33-19.66 mm inhibition zones were obtained for 15-different microorganisms at 100 µL concentrations while those obtained 7.33-12.33 mm inhibition zones for 12 microorganims at 50 µL volume, where no inhibition zone was observed at 10 µL volume addition. The extracts of Boğazkere for the tested concentrations showed no antimicrobial capability against Salmonella kentucky, Enterococcus durans, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida ablicans. MIC tests showed that the extract at 0.039-20 mg/100 mL concentration range was bacteriostatic for the entire tested microorganism. Bactericidal effects of the extract were obtained for Listeria innocua at 10 mg /100 mL while that was 20 mg /100 mL for Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus. The findings show that Boğazkere grape species has antibiotic character, what makes them possible preservatives for food products.
Bıologıcal actıvıtıes of adıantum capıllus-venerıs collected from duhok provınce (Iraq)
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Mohammed, Falah Saleh; Other; Other
This study determined the DPPH free-radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI), DNA-protective activity, antiproliferative activity, antimicrobial activity and phenolic contents of methanol (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of A. capillus-veneris leaves collected from the province of Duhok (Iraq). As a result of the studies, it was determined that the MeOH extract of A. calocephalum had a 49.74% free-radical scavenging activity at 2 mg/mL concentration. It was found that the extracts were effective against the test microorganisms at a concentration level of 200-400 µg/mL. TAS, TOS and OSI values were 3.086±0.066, 21.532±0.525 and 0.698±0.002, respectively. The DNA-protective activity of the extracts was found to be weak compared to the positive control. It was found that, depending on the increase in concentration, the extracts showed antiproliferative activity on A549 cells. Furthermore, the HPLC analyses found Catechin, Cinnamic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid, p-Coumaric acid, Rosmarinic acid and 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid with various ppm values. Consequently, it was determined that A. capillus-veneris could be a potential natural source pharmacologically.
Chemotaxonomy ın bacterıal systematıcs
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Aras, Emine Sümer; Biyoloji; Fen Fakültesi
In taxonomy, polyphasic approach is based on the principle of combining and evaluating different types of data obtained from microorganisms. While, during characterization and identification of a microorganism, in the direction of polyphasic studies, chemotaxonomic analysis has of paramount importance for the determination of the most important differences between the family, genus and species comparatively. It is beyond doubt that, in recent years significant developments have been achieved in systematics by the aid of molecular biological studies. Phylogenetic data have revealed the hierarchical arrangement of the kinship relations between the given bacteria, however, this information cannot provide reliable data on the level of genus. At this stage, chemical markers play an important role in regulating inter-taxa relationships. Chemotaxonomy; is the whole of the characterizations made by using the similarities and differences of the biochemical properties of bacteria. In bacterial systematics, chemotaxonomy examines biochemical markers such as: amino acids and peptides (peptidoglycan), lipids (fatty acid, lipopolysaccharides, micolic acid and polar lipids), polysaccharides and related polymers (teicoic acid, whole sugar) and other complex polymeric compounds to find the distribution of members of different taxa and all of this information is used for classification and identification. In this review, how the chemotaxonomic data can be used in bacterial systematics and reflected to application within the field questions were evaluated.-REVIEW.
Threat categories of endemic plants of sakarat mountain (Amasya/Turkey)
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Bingöl, M.Ümit; Biyoloji; Fen Fakültesi
This study aims to determine the threat categories of endemic plants in the vegetation of Sakarat Mountain (Amasya) on the basis of the vegetation field survey in 2004 and 2005 years. Plant samples were collected in their vegetation seasons. According to results, 78 families, 283 genera and 494 taxa are identified. As a result of field surveys, six different vegetation types forest (decidious, mixed coniferous and deciduous), subalpine, steppe, rocky, wet grassland and segetal were determined. 40 plant taxa (8.09% of all taxa) were confirmed as endemic. The families with the highest rate of endemic taxa are Fabaceae (15%) and Lamiaceae (15%). Phytogeographic regions (Chorotypes) among endemic taxa were listed as Irano-Turanian 13 (32.5%), Euro-Siberian 9 (22.5%), Mediterranean 1 (2.5%), while phytogeographic origin of (17 taxa) 42.5% of endemic taxa were Unknown. The threat categories regarding the endemic species were determined and analysed according to “Red Data Book of Turkish Plants” adopted 2001 IUCN criteria. In the evaluation phase of the endemic taxa and their threat categories, it was found that 1 species (2.5%) is in Endangered, 3 species (7.5%) in Near Threatened and 36 species (90%) in Least Concern according to the criteria of 2001 IUCN. When the life forms of plant taxa were analysed, it was determined that Hemicryptophytes have the most number of plant taxa with 82.5%, Therophytes and Geophytes have the less than others 2.5%.
General overvıew of the studıes wıth maldı-tof
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Kocaman, Evrim; Biyoteknoloji; Biyoteknoloji Enstitüsü
In the 1980s, the discovery of a variety of soft ionization techniques provided the technical basis for the first time mass spectrometric detection and analysis of free, chemically polar, variable biopolymers and their degradation products. In recent years, Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become a well-liked and multifaceted method to perform analyses of macromolecules which is the biological origin. This review provides a general overview of the areas of use of MALDI-TOF MS for biotechnological researches. MALDI-TOF MS is a way that supplies well-directed, affordable, and speedy identification of fungi, viruses, bacteria in clinical microbiological laboratories. Newly, this method has been successfully applied to DNA sequencing (genotyping) as well as mutation screening. Also, this way has the potential to become a conventional method for high throughput genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), both for biotechnology laboratories and for clinical applications. When it is compared with conventional and molecular identification methods, it makes a major contribution to minimizing the mortality rate and hospitalization period of the patients. It is more effective on per sample costs and elapsed time on working.
Skull sexual dımorphısm appears ın toy rabbıts
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Nadal, Jesus; Other; Other
The aim of this paper was to use geometric morphometrics to study the skull sexual dimorphism of toy rabbits, which present paedomorphic (babyness) traits comparing data with those from agriotype (ancestor), Oryctolagus cuniculus. For this purpose, we examined 43 post-weaned corpses belonging to wild rabbit (n=22, 7 ♂ and 15 ♀, 1295.6 ± 333.8 kg of body weight and 88.0 ± 1.12 cm of ear length) and toy type (n=21, 4 ♂ and 17 ♀, short and upright ears, 1031.3 ± 644.13 kg of body weight and 6.2 ± 1.08 cm of ear length). Heads were radiographed using a Potro® machine on a latero-lateral projection and 7 landmarks were located on the skull and studied by means of geometric morphometric procedures. Size and shape between genders appeared statistically different only for toys, mainly focused on splanchnocranium (face) for shape. Detected sexual dimorphism could be attributed to selection arising from differential mating success, or sexual selection, due to human management. Moreover, the inconsistency with Rensch’s hypothesis – which establishes that males in larger species will tend to be larger relative to females than in smaller species- allows us to suggest that Rensch’s hypothesis is not necessarily followed in artificial selection experiencing miniaturization in body shape. It must be outlined the opportunities to tackle paedomorphic questions via geometric morphometrics methods in toy rabbits.
Investıgatıon of myxomycetes (myxomycota) ın Kırıkhan (Hatay provınce)
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Baba, Hayri; Other; Other
The present study was conducted with the samples collected in 10 different stations in Kırıkhan district and vicinity in 2012-2014. The samples were collected from tree barks, leaves, wood and other decayed plant material. The collected materials were used in Moist Chamber Culture to develop myxomycetes sporophores. Furthermore, myxomycetes were collected from their natural environment. In the field and laboratory studies, 45 taxa in 10 families and 22 genera were identified
Histomorphological changes on the testicular tissue in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Eyison, Hatice Mutlu; Biyoloji; Fen Fakültesi
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized with various complications due to its damage on many organs. One of the most common complications of DM is testicular damage. Therefore, it is necessary to start a treatment agent promptly during this process which may lead to infertility. There are treatment steps that seriously prolong the process of complications of this dangerous disease. However, there are some contradictions in numerous studies conducted regarding which agent the treatment should continue with according to the stage of the diabetes in the patient. In this context, examining the functions of male reproductive system may prevent these contradictions in the future. In this study, 2 groups were used; one of them consisted of the healthy rats and the other consisted of the ones that became diabetes by induction of streptozotocin. The animals of both groups were fed under the same sheltering conditions and testicle tissues of both groups were evaluated under light microscope. As a result of histomorphological examination of testicular tissues, the pathologies such as impaired integrity of the seminiferous tubules especially in the testicles of diabetic rats, the separation of germinal epithelium cells from connective tissue and from each other and the presence of prominent necrosis focuses in spermatogenic cells were found to be noteworthy. In this study, it has been evaluated that cellular pathological changes are clearly revealed under the microscope. It is believed that the results of the study will contribute to the clinical studies regarding the treatment and may shed light on research at molecular level.
The first record of crepıdotus crocophyllus from Turkey
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Akata, Ilgaz; Biyoloji; Fen Fakültesi
In the current study, Crepidotus crocophyllus (Berk.) Sacc. is reported for the first time for Turkish mycobiota. Short description of the new record together with its drawings related to macro and micromorphologies were given and discussed briefly.
Evaluatıon of threat categorıes of the endemıc plants of Deveci mountaıns (Yozgat-Tokat/Turkey)
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Bingöl, M.Ümit; Biyoloji; Fen Fakültesi
This study based on the vegetation field survey between April 1993 and October 1997 is done for the purpose of determining the vegetation of Deveci Mountains (Yozgat-Tokat). During the plant vegetation seasons, 1400 plant samples were collected from the research area. 456 taxa and 262 genera to be belonging to 63 families were determined. In the survey area, five different vegetation types coniferous and deciduous forest, scrub, steppe, rocky and wet grassland were present. The threat categories of the endemic species of Deveci Mountains were determined and evaluated according to ‘Red Data Book of Turkish Plants’, which was prepared by using IUCN criteria. A total of 65 plant taxa were determined as endemic (14.25% of all taxa). Highest ratios of endemic taxa were from families Fabaceae (16.92%) and Lamiaceae (16.92%). Phytogeographic regions (Chorotypes) among endemic taxa were listed as Irano-Turanian 35 (53.85%), Eastern Mediterranean 3 (4.62%), Euxine 2 (3.08%), Euro-Siberian 1 (1.54%), while phytogeographic origin of (24 taxa) 36.92% of endemic taxa were Unknown. As endemic taxa and their threat categories are evaluated, 1 (1.54%) species was found to in Endangered, 4 (6.15%) in Vulnerable, 7 (10.77%) in Near Threatened and 53 (81.54%) in Least Concern according to IUCN criteria. When the plant taxa were classified and analysed according to Raunkiaer’s life forms, Hemicryptophytes were determined to be the most common plant taxa (76.92%), Chamaephytes come next (9.23%), is followed by the Therophytes (7.69%), and then come Phanerophytes (4.62%). While Geophytes have the least number of plant taxa with 1 species (1.54%).
The palynologıcal traıts of four endemıc sılene l. (caryophyllaceae) specıes ın Turkey
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Çıtak, Burcu Yılmaz; Other; Other
In the present paper, the pollen morphological traits of 4 endemic Silene species: S. duralii, S. ozyurtii, S. anatolica, and S. salsuginea, were investigated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained data were presented for the first time herein. Monad, isopolar, and spheroidal pollen grains were observed as common characters in all of the examined species. Pollen shapes among the investigated species were spheroidal, and the ornamentations were microechinate-perforate. The highest pore numbers were found in S. salsuginea, while the lowest pore numbers were in S. ozyurtii. The interpore distance was greatest in S. anatolica, while it was least in S. salsuginea. As a result of these detailed examinations, the pore number, interpore distance, shape of the pore and position, and microechinae number are more significant characters for distinguishing the studied species.
Common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) dof transcrıptıon factors dıfferentıally expressed under salt stress
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Büyük, İlker; Biyoloji; Fen Fakültesi
DNA-binding with one finger (DOF) transcription factor family has found to be playing important roles for seed germination, photosynthesis, plant development and stress responses in several plant species. Hence, this study aimed to characterize the DOF genes in common bean at the genome-scale level. The various bioinformatics tools were used and the results were confirmed through bench-work studies. Expression levels of putative PvDOF genes were analyzed using publicly available RNA-seq data and the expression levels of five selected PvDOF genes were further analyzed through qPCR in tolerant cv. ‘Yakutiye’ and sensitive cv. ‘Zulbiye’ subjected to salt stress. As a result, 42 candidate PvDOF genes were defined. The length of PvDOF proteins ranged from 181 (PvDOF-41) to 503 (PvDOF-35) amino acids (aa). pIs of PvDOF proteins were between 5.03 (PvDOF-21) and 8.92 (PvDOF-6) ranging from acidic to alkaline, and the molecular weight of PvDOFs were between 21944.3 Da (PvDOF-14) and 54786.5 Da (PvDOF-35). While the highest number of PvDOFs was found on chromosome 2 (eight genes), the lowest number of PvDOF genes was identified on chromosomes 4 and 7 (one gene). Two segmentally duplicated gene couple were detected. A total of 21 PvDOF genes were targeted by miRNAs of 20 plant species. According to the normalized RPKM (Read Per Kilobase Million) values which were obtained from the RNAseq analysis, PvDOF-6, 8, 9, 17, 27, 28, 30, 35 and 39 genes were found up- or down-regulated after salt stress treatment in the leaf and root tissues of common bean. Additionally, the most of the qPCR data were found to be consistent with the RNAseq data and the PvDOF17 gene was found as being the most expressional divergent gene between cv. ‘Zulbiye and cv. ‘Yakutiye’. In conclusion, the results of this study might help understanding the biological roles of PvDOF TF family under salt stress and can be used for the improving of common bean through biotechnological approaches.
Synthesıs of open-chaın sugar derıvatıves as antıcancer and antımıcrobıal agents
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Yazgan, İdris; Other; Other
In the present study, three sugar residues including mannose, galactose and lactose were modified with organic substituents via reductive amination reaction in order to get strong anticancer carbohydrate derivatives for A549 cell line and antibacterial agents targeting E.coli and S.epidermidis. The findings showed that carbohydrate residue along with substituted group play the major role for the observed activity of the carbohydrate ligands.
Putrescıne as a protectıve molecule on dna damage and dna methylatıon changes ın wheat under drought
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Agar, Güleray; Other; Other
The world suffers with the agricultural drought stress which leading to decreasing crop production, and also adversely affecting cereals on morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. However, exogenous treatment of some osmotically active materials like putrescine has been regarded as a good preventive against these harmful effects of drought. But there is a lack of information on putrescine has any effects on DNA damage and DNA methylation in crops. The current study was goal to determine DNA damage levels and DNA methylation changes in Triticum aestivum cv. Karasu 90 subjected to different concentrations of drought (-2, -4, -6 bar PEG) and whether putrescine (0.01, 0.1, 1 mM) has any ameliorative effect on these changes is determined with RAPDs and CRED-RAs tecniques. In addition, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) values were investigated based on drought and putrescine treatments. The findings showed that drought stress caused DNA damage and DNA methylation changes. However, these effects decreased after putrescine treatments. Putrescine has been shown to decrease oxidative damage caused by drought via increasing antioxidant status in drought stress. According to results, it was concluded that putrescine could be preferred for its force to protect wheat DNA from the damaging effects of drought and the demethylation positively contributed to drought stress tolerance.
Comparıson of toxıc and antıtoxıc effects of cısplatın and camp, at cyp1a1 gene expressıon level of wıstar albıno type rat lıver
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Aras, Emine Sümer; Biyoloji; Fen Fakültesi
Throughout the course of cancer treatment, cisplatin has proven to be a successful chemotherapy agent. Several researches have been conducted in vivo and/or in vitro on gene expression changes occurring with the impact of this agent. The current study focuses on the alterations in CYP1A1 gene expression levels in liver cells by cisplatin and cAMP treatment. CYP1A1 gene which the expression levels were analyzed, encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. Throughout the study, liver tissues from Wistar-type albino rat, also known as the laboratory rat, were used. For normalization of the data, the housekeeping gene TATA box binding protein (TBP) was preferred. The results showed that; gene expression was reduced in tissues subjected independently to cisplatin and cAMP, however the tissues treated with cAMP showed further reduction in gene expression levels. In contrast, tissues subjected to both cisplatin and cAMP showed an increase in the level of expression. This study aims to provide an alternative perspective for comparative toxicology cases and will also serve as a guide for elucidation of cases connected with forensic toxicology.
Role of sodıum nıtroprussıde on mıtıgatıon of salt stress ın sweet corn
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Manshoori, Fateme; Other; Other
To evaluate the effect of foliar application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on physiological characteristics of sweet corn under salt stress a factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar. Factors were application time of SNP at the concentrations of 200 ppm (vegetative, reproductive and vegetative + reproductive) and salinity (0,1.5, 3 and 4.5 dS m-1). The results showed that increasing salinity levels from 0 to 4.5 dSm-1 decreased the height by 31.81%, plant dry weight by 34.34%,the number of ear by 46.34%, chlorophyll a content by 30.54%, chlorophyll b content by 55.81%, carotenoid content by 37.40%, total chlorophyll content and the amount of potassium by 54.86% and increased the amount of sodium by 63.86%. Application of sodium nitroprusside twice in vegetative and reproductive stage resulted in maximum height, plant dry weight,chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and foliar application had higher levels of carotenoids. Overall the results indicated that sweet corn is sensitive to salinity and cannot tolerate salinity more than 3 dS m-1. At low salinity condition SNP foliar application at vegetative + reproductive stage and in high salinity level at the vegetative stage can reduce the effects of salinity.
Four new mıcrofungı for turkısh ascomycota
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Akata, Ilgaz; Biyoloji; Fen Fakültesi
In the present study, Phyllosticta cyclaminis Brunaud, Passalora juniperina (Georgescu & Badea) H. Solheim, Ascochyta paliuri Sacc. and Asteroma padi DC.) were reported for the first time from Turkey. Short descriptions, localities, collection dates, altitude and accession numbers of the newly reported species were provided.
Redıscovery of bunıum mıcrocarpum subsp. Longıradıatum (apıaceae) endemıc to Cudi Mountaın/Şırnak (Turkey)
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Fırat, Mehmet; Other; Other
Bunium microcarpum (Boiss.) Freyn & Bornm subsp. longiradiatum Hedge & Lamond is point endemic to Cudi mountain/Şırnak (Turkey). First collected in 1966 from one locality by Davis from Cudi mountain (Silopi), but not collected until 2019. Recently it was recollected for the second time from its type locality. In addition to the re-expanded description, mature fruit sizes are given for the first time, photos habit, habitat and distribution map of this subspecies has been given.
Effects of harvestıng leaves from dıfferent heıghts of summer snowflake (leucojum aestivum l.) on bulb development and galanthamıne content
(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Küçük, Gözde; Other; Other
This research was carried out to optimize the optimum leaf length that could be used to obtain maximum galanthamine without damaging the growth of 9-10 g weight summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) during October 2017 and July 2019 for two years. The leaves were harvested at ground level, 5, 10, 15 cm above soil level and control (not harvested). Using a total of 600 bulbs, 30 bulbs were planted in each replication. Equally proportionate sand-soil substrate was used for planting. The length of leaf at harvest (cm), the number of leaves, the percentage of galanthamine in the leaves ranged 15.225-20.775 cm, 2.20-3.60 number, and 0.067-0.094% for the first year and it ranged 19.8-23.4 cm, 4.50-5.50 number, and 0.063-0.096% for the second year in the same order. In the second year, the amount of galanthamine in bulbs ranged from 0.326-0.376%. Harvesting the leaves from soil level negatively affected the bulb quantity and the least bulb was obtained. In control application without leaf harvest, one bulb weight and galanthamine amount reached the highest value. It has been determined that different leaf harvest heights have effects on bulb development and the amount of galanthamine in leaves and bulbs.

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