AB adayı olarak Türkiye'de ekolojik tarım uygulamalarının yeri ve çevresel etkileri
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Date
2008
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Publisher
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Abstract
In order to eliminate the possibility of the misinterpretation of some basic concepts of the complex character of the environment and environmental problems, and also to stress the importance of the related topics which are thoroughly related with organic agriculture, the main topic of the thesis, a general picture of environment and related problems have been evaluated in the first chapters of the study. The excessive use of various inputs in intensive agriculture, which are known to increase the impact of human activities on the environment, namely climate change, erosion and desertification, diffuse pollution affecting soil, water sources and air have been summarized. Information on the historical developments leading to ecological practices, which were under different names have also been included, by summarizing the developmental stages involved.Depending on these introductory sections the impacts of intensive and organic agricultural practices have been discussed comparatively evaluted, considering the projections indicating a significant increase in the demand for ecological agricultural practices and products. The initiation of such practices in Turkey, current situation within the context of supporting policies of the state machinery,, marketing methods of the products, the valid ecological conditions, namely climatic and pedological factors have been evaluated in order to assess the advantages and disadvantages, limitations which may have influence on future prospects. Some comparative assessments depending on some of the examples selected from the current applications in some countries are also made.As known well, increasing population, industrialization and urbanization, global warming and climate change related average temperature fluctuations, frequency of floods, increasing sea levels assert pressure on agricultural productivity and total production volume. The intensive agriculture, which is the dominant practice, polluted the environment by the extensive use of synthetic chemicals, which ultimately started to threaten living world. Ecological agriculture, on the other hand, is the approach targeting higher quality in all of these respects. In the present study, an attempt was made to see the potential of such agricultural practices, current level, ecological and socio-economical benefits evaluated for Turkey. The results of the analysis performed here revealed that the multiple benefits of organic agriculture were not completely understood in Turkey, and the administrative approach, current policies took the subject as a tool to fulfill the requirements of the product importing countries.
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Keywords
Tarım, Çevre Sorunları, Organik Tarim