Şanlıurfa şehri'nin kuruluş ve gelişmesi
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Date
2005
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Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Abstract
374 ABSTRACT Şanlıurfa city is located in the middle Euphrates division of the Southeast Anatolia Region. In terms of its settlement history, it is one of the oldest cities in Turkey. Archaeological investigations have proved that the city's settlement history goes back to Neolotic period. Therefore the history if the city goes back to 11000 years before present. The city used to be called Yenimahalle settlement as the city was initially founded in the vicinity of Yenimahalle. Investigations have so far proved that initial location for the foundation was the Tilfindir Hill which is in the north Balıklı Lake. It is believed that the physical geographical factors played important roles in the selection of this particular location. These factors are mainly; water, security, existence of fertile agricultural lands, natural shelter, existence of suitable fauna and flora for hunting and also for other primitive needs, and also the climate which had indirect influence on all these factors. When this initial location is examined in detail it would be easy to determine that these location comprises most of the natural factors mentioned above. In its history, Şanlıurfa City has had various development phases. Since Neolithic period these phases were Seleucosians, Rome/Bizantium, Islam, the Crusaders, Eyyubi, Seljukians, Akkoyunlu, The Ottoman Empire and eventually the Modern Turkish Republic respectively. Within these phases and since II country B.C. people who had different religions and cultures used to live together. This factor had significant influence on the cultural diversity and also form of the city. Among this development phases, in terms of city's economic and social characteristics, the period in which most important developments recorded were the Osrhoene Kingdom/Bizantium (before the islamic period), the Ottoman Empire and the Modern Turkish Republic periods. As the city is located at the junction of important routes (roads) the trade of the city have always been activite. Especially during the Ottoman Empire period the trade used to be very active and this activity with various cities has also continued during the Turkish Republic period. In addition, because of its proximity to the fertile lands, the agriculture has also been an important income for the city. The Turkish Republic period has been most important period for the development of urbanisation. Especially, since 1950 the population has increased375 remarkable and significant improvements have been achieved in public service and also industry. Thus, most important advancement during the Turkish Republic period has been after 1 988 due to the GAP (the Southeast Anatolian Project) which has led to impressive progress in agricultural activites, public service and industry. In its history, the city has been re-named several times by the tribes and states which used to control it. The oldest names known were Urhay/Orrhei/Orhai and in the following periods the city has been called Edessa, Ruha, Urfa and Şanlıurfa. Since its foundation the area of the city has expanded. In 2003, the total urbanised area was 3102 ha. During its development period, Şanlıurfa city has always been faced with various problems. These problems may be expressed as; unauthorised construction, distorted city planing, occupation of agricultural land, transportation, infrastructure and missuse of urbanised area.
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Keywords
Coğrafya