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Abstract

Early Biographies of The Prophet And Their AuthorsThe goal of the thesis is to get rid of the deficiency of the research about thesources of the biography of the Prophet, to determine the methodology of it and tocorrect the false information.The content of the thesis; we have examined the thesis in four main parts. The firtchapter: The biography of the Prophet(Sira or maghazi) and its sorcues. The secondchapter; The era of Begining, Brochures(Risala) and Collect. The third chapter: The eraof Classification and Composition, The fourth chapter: The era of Transferring.We have examined the chapter one, called the biografphy of the Prophet and itssources undur four headlines. These are:A-The Biography of the Prophet and Maghazi; the word, it?s first appearanceand its development.B-The Sources of the biography of the Prophet writing; 1-Holy Koran, 2-TheStudy of the Hadiths, 3- BrochuresC-The Broadening of the biography of the Prophet literature; 1-The effects of thedifferent cultures to the biography of the Prophet writing, 2-The effects of the politicaland religious sects to the biography of the Prophet writing and 3-The effects of Shemail-Dalail Literature to the biography of the Prophet writing.D-The characteristic features of classic period of the biography of the Prophetwriting: 1-The writing (kitabat), 2-İmputation, 3-criticism, 4-The interpretation, 5-objectivity, 6-the schools.We examined chapter two called; The era of Begining, Brochures(Risala) andCollect three main headlines. A-The Era of Begining; 1-Ka?b al-Ahbar(32/652), 2-Abdullah b. Salam(43/663), 3-Vahb b. Munabbih(114/732?). B-The Era of Brochures; 1-Urve b. Zubayr(94/713), 2-Shurahbil b. Sa?d(123/740), 3-Asim b. Omar(120/737), 4-Abdullah b. Abu Bakr(135/752), [and 5-Aban b. Osman(105/723), C-The Era of Collect;al-Zuhri( ).We have examined chapter three called; The Era of Classification andComposition five authors; 1-Musa b. Uqba(141/758), 2-Ibn Ishaq(151/768), 3-Mamar b.Rashid(153/770), 4-Abu Masher as-Sindû(170/787), 5-Vaqidû(207/787)And finnally chapter four called; The era of Transferring. We examined thischapter two main headlines: A-The Era of Classic Transferring: 1-Yunus b.Bukayr(199/814), 2-Ibn Hisham(218/828). B-The Era of Comparative Transferring: IbnSa?d(230/845). We examined the lives of all authors, Their Works, hearsays andmethodologies.The Appendix: We also discussed the documents of Musa b. Uqba, Ibn Ishaq,Mamar b. Rashid and Vaqidû and also the panoramas and diograms showing the waysof Ravi?s being renewed with his Authors in our thesis.The Sources: We beneffitted from some boks such as the biography of theProphet and history, hadith, high officials, the boks of catogories and also from someresearches. We benefitted from the commentary on the Koran, general history and theresearches being renewed to determine the hearsays of the Authors.The Results: a-The exterior factor wasn?t only assist in the biography of theProphet writing but also the needs of Islamic people assisted in that.b-The biography of the Prophet hearsays were affected from the culture of thepeople of the book on condition that it wouldn?t be exaggerated and it would berestricted in some subjects.c-The biography of the Prophet was also affected the struggles of religious sectsin the same way.d-The general thought, which was that the history of Islam had been one ofthebranch of the hadith study, must be interrogated again.e-The hearsay from, which is a source of Islamic information, has been developedsupporting on the written sources not on the oral sources and oral hearsays have alsobeen continued to use.f-It?s seen that the supplies and sources of the biography of the Prophet havebeen developed well-proportioned with the time. Not only the struggles of religious sectsbut also the culture of the people of the book caused it.g-The general thought, which was that the Islamic Historians stayed away fromthe interpretations and criticism aganist themselves, was caused by not understandingTheir aims and methodologies. They interpreted and criticised them enough.h-The thought of objectivity of Islamic Historians was to convey the hearsays asthey were not to transfer Their religious thoughts and feelings directly.i-It wasn?t possible to make a classification of a school of thought from the Earlybiography of the Prophet and history writing in many points of view. It will be correct toseperate the biography of the Prophet into Eras to examine it correctly in historicalperiod. In this context, the eras we suggest are that: a-The begining period, b-Thebrochures period, c- collect period, d-The Classic transferring period, e-Comparativetransferrin period.k-Ibn Hisham who was one of the Islamic Historians especially participated incencorship process. It caused the big literature (especially about the poem) to bedisoppeored.m-The methodology of the biography of the Prophet writin went to perfect, everyravi and his Authors began to developed and complete the missings of the methods ofTheir masters.(It was the same as the Telfik system)n-It?s not possible to say that Eban b. Osman, which is thought as a sourve of thebiography of the Prophet in many researches, as an amniscient of a biography of theProphet.