Cilt:66 Sayı:04 (2019)
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Item Behavioral and health problems of poultry related to rearing systems(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) RELİĆ, Renata; SOSSİDOU, Evangelia; DEDOUSİ, Anna; PERİĆ, Lidija; Veteriner FakültesiThis review paper aims to give an overview of the literature data on common behavioral and health problems in broiler chickens and laying hens and to explain their interrelation and relation to the rearing system. In the initial part, the mechanism of arising of the most common forms of abnormal behavior and the way they affect the poultry are briefly described. Furthermore, the possibility of poultry to fulfill behavioral needs in different rearing systems and some of the consequences to the birds in the case of their inability to meet their needs are displayed. The influence of the main microclimate and space factors is also discussed, as well as the occurrence of some infectious, parasitic and production diseases in poultry rearing systems. The welfare problems of poultry are complexes and most often caused by the system design and its improper use. Continuous work on improving rearing systems is as important as better informing the producers and the public on poultry welfare problems.Item Clinical approaches for genital and extragenital metastasis of transmissible venereal tumor in a bitch with ovarian remnant syndrome(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Uçmak, Zeynep Günay; Kırşan, İsmail; Uçmak, Melih; Bamaç, Özge Erdoğan; Gürel, Aydın; Veteriner FakültesiA 25 kg, 4 years old, Boxer breed bitch which had ovariohysterectomy section 2 years ago, was presented with weakness, loss of appetite, masses on abdominal and inguinal mammary glands and vaginal bleeding. Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) was diagnosed with vaginal cytology. Intra-abdominal mass around the iliac artery and remnant ovary behind the right kidney were determined on ultrasonographic examination. The remnant ovary and the masses on mammary glands were removed by surgical approach. However, intra-abdominal mass could not be extirpated because of its localization during the same laparotomy. A biopsy was taken from the vaginal mass. According to histopathology, TVT and collagenous hamartoma were detected on mammary glands. Also, TVT was observed in vaginal and intra-abdominal masses. Chemotherapy protocol was arranged for intra-abdominal mass and vaginal TVT which occupied for ten weeks. Hemogram, vaginal smear and transabdominal ultrasonography were repeated before each chemotherapy course. Size of the intra-abdominal mass, pulsatility index (PI) and relative index (RI) values of iliac artery were evaluated with B-mode ultrasonography and doppler ultrasonography during the treatment, respectively. As a result, positive correlation between PI and RI values were determined. In the presented case, TVT and its metastases were successfully treated with both surgery and chemotherapy. It was concluded that evaluation of the metastases with doppler ultrasonography will be favorable to reveal the hemodynamic alterations of related organs or tissues.Item Determination of antibiotic susceptibility, ESBL genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-containing Escherichia coli isolates(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Tutun, Hidayet; Karagöz, Alper; Altıntaş, Levent; Koçak, Nadir; Veteriner FakültesiThe purpose of this study was to determine the phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility patterns, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes and genotypic profiles of ESBL-positive Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine samples obtained from outpatients with urinary tract infection in Turkey. A total of 120 E. coli strains during 2017, 2018, and 2019 (40 patients per year) were examined for antibiotic susceptibility patterns by disc diffusion method, for ESBL genes using PCR and sequencing and for molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. The isolates were evaluated for their sensitivity to 21 different antibiotics. Four different antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined according to antibiotic susceptibility status of the isolates. The β-lactamase genes detected in the isolates were CTX-M-15 + OXA-1 (n= 14), CTX-M-15 (n= 24), TEM-1 + CTX-M-15 (n= 52), TEM-1 + SHV-12 (n=6), SHV-12 1 (n= 6), TEM-1 + CTX-M-1 (n= 6), TEM-1 + CTX-M-16 (n= 6) and TEM-1 + CTX-M-9 (n= 6). The CTX-M-15 was the most prevalent ESBL enzyme in the isolates. As a result of PFGE analysis performed by XbaI enzyme restriction process, one major PFGE profile and three main groups (Group I-II-III) were observed. While antibiotic resistance profiles of the strains showed four groups (RI-RII-RIII-RIV), PFGE band profiles showed a major group (90% similarity ratio). High ESBL production and decreased susceptibility to broad-spectrum cephalosporins were observed in E. coli strains. In addition, PFGE analysis showed high clonal similarity among E. coli isolates.Item Rapid identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from various samples with biosensor and genotyping(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Savaş, Sümeyra; Veteriner FakültesiThe most important cause of Klebsiella spp. contamination of drinking water is the leakage of animal faeces into drinking water sources. Recently, the biosensor technology has quickly begun to replace other methods with its faster finding and reliability. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the biosensor technology in the rapid detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and to determine the presence of the relationship between K. pneumoniae isolates isolated from the drinking water thought to be contaminated by animal faeces and the clinical isolates. For this purpose, portable, microfluidic electrochemical sensor device version 2 (V2) was used for the detection of K. pneumoniae and results were confirmed with VITEK MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (VITEK MS) automated system. For the molecular typing of K. pneumoniae isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) methods were employed and the results were compared. For these bacteria, the most appropriate typing method was tried to be determined comparatively. PFGE analysis indicated the presence of six different strains, while MLVA divided them into 23 clusters. Clonal relationships were viewed between environmental and clinical isolates. The main goal of this paper is to present, the detailed report of the comparison of the samples isolated from drinking water, animal and human faeces for K. pneumoniae. To accomplish of this goal we introduced that MLVA and PFGE methods. Also, gold nanoparticies enhanced electrochemical biosensor device is used for the determination of K. pneumoniae for the first time.Item Estimation of genetic parameters for some performance traits in a selected Barred Rock line(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Kamanlı, Serdar; Veteriner FakültesiThis study was conducted to determine the genetic correlation and heritability for age at sexual maturity, body weight at sexual maturity, egg yield, egg weight, egg shape index and L*, a*, b* values of egg shell in a Barred Rock line was applied selection. For this aim, a total of 1622 pedigreed Barred Rocks were selected. The present estimated heritability values for investigated traits were found between moderate-to-high. However, the heritability of egg yield, eggshell color and body weight at sexual maturity were found lower than those of other traits. It was calculated positive correlations among monthly egg yields, especially between egg yield at the second month with total egg yield. As a conclusion, selection studies did not cause much decrease in genetic variation of studied traits, except for egg yield and body weight at sexual maturity. Monthly egg yield data can be used selection studies.Item Clinical significance of pretreatment Ca-P solubility product in 47 cats with chronic kidney disease(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Çolakoğlu, Ekrem Çağatay; Haydardedeoğlu, Ali Evren; ALİHOSSEİNİ, Hadi; Veteriner FakültesiChronic kidney disease (CKD) and mineral disorders are one of the most common reasons of cats. Alterations in mineral metabolism occur in early stage of CKD and increasing the severity in advanced stages. In Turkey, although some clinical studies on CKD in cats are available, no data concerning the clinical significance of pretreatment Ca-P solubility product is present. The purpose of the current study was to determine of Ca-P solubility product and its association with the life quality of cats with CKD. Staging system for classifying cats with chronic kidney disease was based on IRIS guideline. The following groups were occurred based on serum creatinine (SCr) and urine specific gravity < 1035: Stage 2= SCr 1.6 - 2.8 mg/dl; Stage 3= SCr 2.9 - 5.0 mg/dl; Stage 4= SCr > 5.0 mg/dl. Solubility product (calcium x phosphorus) was also defined. Although calcium levels were within reference ranges in groups, Ca-P product were above 72 mg2/dl2 in stage 3 and 4 cats. In conclusion, determination of pretreatment Ca-P solubility product in cats with different stages of CKD could be useful to modify and manage the life quality of cats with CKD.Item Comparison of periapical radiography, panoramic, and cone-beam CT in the detection of dental caries in dog teeth(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Orhan, Kaan; Özemre, Mehmet Özgür; Seçgin, Cansu Köseoğlu; Vural, Sevil Atalay; Gür, Gürkan; Kamburoğlu, Kıvanç; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of panoramic, periapical and two different Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) devices in the detection of dental caries of dog teeth ex vivo. A total of 880 teeth were investigated, 33 of which were with caries, whereas; 33 healthy teeth were the controls. Periapical, panoramic and CBCT scans were made for the assessment of the teeth. All images were evaluated separately by two observers experienced in image interpretation. The presence or absence of occlusal caries was scored using a 5-point scale. Kappa values were calculated to assess intra and interobserver agreement. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the effectiveness of different imaging methods in the detection of dental caries. For both observers, the order of success of the image sets in the estimation of the caries tooth was CBCT Morita, CBCT Iluma, periapical and panoramic radiograph (Area Under Curve (AUC): 0.929, 0.882, 0.861, and 0.704 for observer 1, AUC: 0.927, 0.896, 0.875, and 0.693 for observer 2, respectively). CBCT was found to be the best imaging method for the ex vivo detection of caries in dog teeth. In addition, panoramic images performed worse than all other modalities.Item Antibacterial activity of partially purified enterocins from foodborne and clinical enterococci against some pathogenic bacteria(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Erginkaya, Zerrin; Uludağ, Hatice; Turhan, Emel Ünal; Veteriner FakültesiThe purpose of the present research was to obtain enterocins from bacteriocinogenic enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium) in clinical and food sources, and to determine antibacterial activity of these enterocins against pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella Enteritidis. Enterocins were partially purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation from E. faecium and E. faecalis. After purification, the antimicrobial activity of enterocin was tested on Mueller Hinton Agar by disk diffusion assay. The 13, 8, 4 and 1 of 20 bacteriocins obtained by Enterococcus strain showed antimicrobial effect against S. Enteritidis, B. cereus, E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. One of food origin Enterococcus (E. faecium) exhibited the antimicrobial effect on all of the pathogen microorganisms used in our study. Enterocins from food and clinical isolates were very effective against Salmonella Enteritidis. The most active enterocins were produced by enterococci isolates from Hatay cow cheese due to their antibacterial spectrum on pathogenic bacteria used in this study. This study concluded the importance of investigating clinical enterococci besides foodborne enterococci to benefit from antibacterial properties.Item Determination and stability of some international screening limited drugs in equine blood by LC-MS/MS(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Göktaş, Eylem Funda; Kabil, Erol; Güneş, Ertuğrul; Korkmaz, Serol; Kadıoğlu, Tuba Asena; Cücü, Ayşen Kurt; Veteriner FakültesiStability of some international screening limited therapeutic substances for doping control in equine blood has been investigated with a validated method by using LC-MS/MS after chemical hydrolysis with orthophosphoric acid. Whole blood samples were extracted with a WAX cartridge on auto-SPE. Stability test of the drug substances performed at the same time in working solution and matrix at +4°C, -20°C, +20°C in dark and +20°C in light conditions for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. For short-time stability, the effects of 6 h storage at +55°C was also investigated. Repeated data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA. All substances in working solution were stable at -20°C and +4°C. In the blood matrix, higher temperatures (+20°C) in light and dark caused degradation of substances at the end of four weeks and short-term study (P< 0.05). In conclusion, these international screening limited substances in blood matrix could be unstable related to temperature and storage time, although in working solution they could be mostly stable in various temperatures for four weeks.Item Localization of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and 2 in preimplantation mouse development in vitro(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Mutluay, Duygu; Yamazaki, Yukiko; Hokutan, Kanani; Rosser, Charles J.; Furuya, Hideki; Veteriner FakültesiPlasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and type 2 (PAI-2) are the major endogenous inhibitors of fibrinolysis, or thrombolysis, as it is effective in blocking the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. In mammalian embryos, both PAI-1 and PAI-2 proteins are expressed in the trophoblasts during and after implantation, suggesting their critical roles in implantation and placentation during pregnancy. However, it remains unclear how both proteins localize in the early stage embryos before implantation. In this study, 2 cell stage embryos were flushed from the oviducts and cultured to specified stages in medium at 37 ̊C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Embryos were fixed and double immunostained with anti-PAI-1 and anti- PAI-2 antibody. We determined the critical expression and localization patterns of PAI-1 and PAI-2 proteins in murine preimplantation embryos at 2 cell, 8 cell, morula and blastocyst stages by using confocal laser scanning microscope. We found that PAI-1 and PAI-2 constantly express in the embryos during preimplantation development, and these proteins localize in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of each blastomere regardless of their developmental stage. Our results suggest that PAI-1 and PAI-2 proteins may play roles in early embryonic development before implantation.Item Oxidative status of colitis-associated cancer model induced by azoxymethane /dextran sulfate sodium and the effects of COX-2 inhibitor in mice(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Kısmalı, Görkem; Üner, Aykut Göktürk; Meral, Öğünç; Veteriner FakültesiNatural products and anti-inflammatory agents including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors which is a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are highly considerable interest for the prevention of carcinogenesis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the oxidative status of colitis-associated cancer induced by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and the effects of COX-2 inhibitor in mice. Totally 40 mice were randomized and divided to four groups. All animals except control and Cox-2 inhibitor alone group received AOM/DSS to establish colitis-associated cancer model as reported elsewhere. COX-2 preferential inhibitor meloxicam was used to minimize side effects such as gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Meloxicam were used (5mg/kg, intraperitoneal) three times a week with meloxicam alone and AOM/DSS + meloxicam group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) which all of them are oxidative stress markers were measured by spectrophotometrically. The combination treatment of Meloxicam and AOM/DSS significantly increased (P< 0.05) SOD activities in mice. GPx activities were found significantly increased (P< 0.05) in Meloxicam and AOM/DSS combinations or alone. There were no differences between the control and treatment groups of MDA levels. AOPP levels of Meloxicam and AOM/DSS combination group were found higher than the other groups. Meloxicam and /or AOM/DSS treatment not caused lipid peroxidations, but increased the antioxidant enzymes and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products levels.Item The effect of tamoxifen on IGF signaling pathway in the mouse ovary(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Asmaz, Ahmet Deniz; Zık, Berrin; Veteriner FakültesiTamoxifen (TAM) is one of selective estrogen receptor modulators used in breast cancer treatment and prevention. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R), has any role in the effect mechanism of TAM on the ovary. Experimentally, animals were divided into three groups as control group (n= 20), low dose TAM treatment group (0.5 mg/mouse/day, n= 20) and high dose TAM treatment group (1.5 mg/mouse/day, n= 20). TAM was injected 0.5 and 1.5 mg/mouse/day for 5 days. Ovarian sections were used to examine the general structure by trichrome staining method and to determine IGF-1 and IGF-1R expressions by immunohistochemical staining method. After the experiment, the presence of atretic follicles and small cystic structures in the TAM-treated animals was determined. Also, antral follicles and the corpus luteum were much less in the high dose TAM group than in the control. TAM did not change the expression of IGF-1 in granulosa cells, but increased the expression of IGF-1R. In TAM groups, IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression were increased in oocytes of follicles and in interstitial cells depending on TAM doses. However, while IGF-1 expression was unchanged in the corpus luteum, decreased in treatment group. TAM generally stimulated IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that IGF-1 signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism of action of TAM on the ovary. We may assert that it may be useful to use IGF-1 signaling pathway regulators to adjust the effects of TAM on the ovary.Item Safety aspects of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from Siahmazgi cheese(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) PARTOVİ, Razieh; GANDOMİ, Hassan; AKHONDZADEH BASTİ, Afshin; Veteriner FakültesiIn order to use lactic acid bacteria as starter and non-starter cultures in fermentative products, their safety qualities should be evaluated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate safety characteristics including antibiotic sensitivity pattern, antimicrobial effect, H2O2 production, and biogenic amine production by Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from Siahmazgi cheese. Lactobacillus plantarum strains were unable to produce tyramine except for SD6 strain. All strains in the current study were able to produce histamine but unable to decarboxylate neither lysine nor ornithine. Lactobacillus plantarum strains showed considerable antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes. All L. plantarum strains showed stronger antimicrobial activity against S. typhimurium (3.5-42.55 mm) than L. monocytogenes (1.5-30.49 mm). The SC9 strain had the strongest inhibitory effect against both pathogens. After titering pH of the medium to approximately 6.5, no antimicrobial activity was noticed indicating that the antimicrobial activity of L. plantarum strains was contributed to their acid production and not to bacteriocin. All L. plantarum strains were capable of producing H2O2. SA32 and SD13 strains with 2.37 and 0.77 mmol/L were the strongest and the weakest strains regarding H2O2 production, respectively (P˂ 0.05). All L. plantarum strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline, yet resistant against vancomycin, and norfloxacin. Four patterns of antibiotic resistance were observed among L. plantarum strains. Only two strains of SC9 and SE4 were resistant against four antibiotics. L. plantarum strains naturally found in Siahmazgi cheese do not generally possess dangerous characteristics to be used in fermentative dairy products.Item Antibiotic resistance profiles of vancomycin resistant enterococci in chicken meat samples(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Onaran, Bahar; Göncüoğlu, Muharrem; Ormancı, Fatma Seda Bilir; Veteriner FakültesiAntibiotic resistance is one of the serious threats to global public health and food safety today. Acquired antibiotic resistance in microorganisms arises from prevalent use of antibiotics for human and animal medicine. Owing to the fact that Vancomycin Resistant Enteroccocci (VRE) is a vital problem for public health, determination of the antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus spp. isolates have crucial importance as a part of the farm to fork food safety. In the study, 120 retail chicken meat samples were analyzed, and 36 (30%) of the samples were detected as Enterococcus spp. positive. According to the results, the most prevalent species was E. faecalis with a rate of 44.4% (16/36), followed by 27.8% (10/36) E. faecium, 11.1% (4/36) E. durans, 2.8% (1/36) E. gallinarum and 2.8% (1/36) E. casseliflavus. Antibiotic resistance profiles of the verified Enterococcus spp. isolates were determined with disc diffusion method in terms of eight different antibiotics. Among the Enterococcus spp. isolates, 20 (55.5%) isolates were phenotypically resistant to vancomycin, 6 isolates (16.7%) were detected as vanA positive, 3 isolates (8.3%) were detected as vanB positive, and one isolate (5%) showed high resistance to vancomycin (MIC >256 µg/ml). Even though the observed percentages are low, the observed resistance patterns are still of concern for public health.Item Investigation on presence of major gene for body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency using a segregation analyses in a mice population(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-09-09) Karacaören, Burak; Moslem, İssam; Veteriner FakültesiRecent developments in molecular genetics and statistics have allowed the identification and use of major genes to explain the genetic variation. In this context, segregation analysis is a fast, reliable and inexpensive method that uses only phenotype and pedigree information. The aim of this study was to examine whether body weight, feed intake, and feed efficiency in a mouse population are directed by major gene in addition to polygenic and major gene effects by segregation analysis. For this purpose, previously collected dataset was used (n= 661). In this study, genetic variance, error variance, major gene variance, additive and dominant gene effects were estimated by segregation analyses. Dominant variance (1.04) was found to be smaller than the additive genetic variance (7.32) for body weight. Polygenic and major gene heritability predicted as 0.29 (± 0.63) and 0.81 (± 0.98) for body weight, 0.35 (± 0.63) and 0.96 (± 0.98) for feed intake and 0.52 (± 0.63) and 0.81 (± 0.98) for feed efficiency respectively. Existence of major gene was determined by examining the highest probability density regions. Although the major gene has been identified for body weight and feed intake, this result is not confirmed by the Mendelian transmission probabilities.