Cilt:29 Sayı:02 (2020)
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Item Sedıment-frıendly formulas: a revıew on the sedıment qualıty guıdelınes(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) ERGEN, Şeyda Fikirdeşici; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiSediment pollution is dangerous because of the food web and finally becoming detrimental to organisms. Heavy metals can pass from soil to seed, making plants toxic. When organisms feed on this plant, larger animals feed on these organisms, by the time heavy metals get more effective in the process of biomagnification. It is a significant point to analyze the metal pollution in the sediment during the investigation of the contaminated aquatic environment. Measuring the abundance and structure of organisms in the area may demonstrate the sediment ecosystem health but these measurements are expensive and requires a lot of time. The ecological risk caused by heavy metals is about to be evaluated different “sediment quality standards” have been developed Aquatic ecosystems play an important role in maintaining ecological balance such as climate regulation, irrigation, flood control, aquaculture, and especially water supply. Sediments are located at the linkup of the solid-liquid interface, therefore they form an important part of the water body. The purpose of this review article is to reveal the importance of sediment pollution with heavy metals and understand how usage of accordingly sediment quality guidelines and indices.Item Zooplankton of sakaryabaşı-west pond, central anatolıa(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Uzbilek, Mine; Su Ürünleri Mühendisliği; Ziraat FakültesiThe study was conducted between March 2017 and February 2018 to determine the effects various applications and environmental impacts on zooplankton composition in Sakaryabaşı-West Pond. Zooplankton samples were monthly collected with plankton net vertically and horizontally from two stations as triplicated. At the time of sampling, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, water depth and light transparency were measured at the stations. Rotifera was the highest proportion in the pond during the study, followed by Copepoda and The study was conducted between March 2017 and February 2018 to determine the effects various applications and environmental impacts on zooplankton composition in Sakaryabaşı-West Pond. Zooplankton samples were monthly collected with plankton net vertically and horizontally from two stations as triplicated. At the time of sampling, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, water depth and light transparency were measured at the stations. Rotifera was the highest proportion in the pond during the study, followed by Copepoda and Cladocera, respectively. At this research, 11 families from Rotifera, 22 species from Cladocera, 1 family from Cladocera, 1 family from Copepoda. Proportionally most common species were Lepadella patella (6.38%), Mytilina ventralis (5.32%), Lecane lunaris (4.79%) from Rotifera; Alona rectangula (8.51%) from Cladocera. Cyclopoidae copepods was formed as adults (17.55%), nauplii (25.53%). During the study period the average zooplankton abundance ranged from 3 ± 0.5 x103 to 36 ± 2 x103 / m3. The highest abundance value was determined in October and the lowest abundance value was determined in January. As a result, regular monitoring of zooplankton in Sakaryabaşı-West Pond as an indicator of the ecological health of the water bodies, will be important in terms of being a warning for the negative impacts of the pond.Item Investıgatıon of fungı spores concentratıon ın nığde atmosphere (Turkey)(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Pınar, Nur Münevver; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiAtmospheric fungi spores investigated in Niğde province with the help of Burkard volumetric trap between January 2014 -December 2014. As total of 70 561 spores belonging to 39 Fungi taxa were counted. The taxa which were observed are the following Cladosporium, Alternaria, Melanomma, Leptosphaeria, Ustilago, Pleospora, Exosporium, Penicillium/Aspergillus, Elipsoidal basidyospores, Epicoccum, Drechslera, Stemphylium, Multi-septate ascospores, 1-septate ascospores, Myxomycetes, Pithomyces, Torula, Didymella, Puccinia, Chaetomium, Curvularia, Non-septate ascospores, Oidium, Nigrospora, Periconia, Diatrypaceae, Venturia, Arthrinium, Xylaria, Agrocybe, Fusarium, Botrytis, Peronospora, Coprinus, Sporormiella, Tetracoccosporium, Exosporiella, Melanospora and Boletus. The concentration of spores which was determined in the atmosphere was 69,46% Cladosporium, 7,21% Alternaria, 2,98% Melanomma, 2,69% Leptosphaeria, 2,28% Ustilago, 2,15% Pleospora, 1,98% Exosporium, and the remaining 11.09% belong to 32 taxa which named as an others.Item Antıoxıdant and physıologıcal analysıs of trıtıcale under cold acclımatıon condıtıons ın vıtro and ex vıtro(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) İlhan, Doğan; Other; OtherTriticale is an artificial species that originated about 130 years ago from between wheat and rye, and the first commercially viable cultivars were released in the 1960s. The crop exhibits high yield, promising long term potential, elevated grain quality, and better resistance to pathogens, desirable amino acid content, and high adaptation ability to adverse climate conditions. Sudden decreases in climate can pose significant losses in many crops including Triticale. Understanding plant response to cold acclimation could help developing crops resilient to cold. In this study, we aim to compare the antioxidants and physiological content of Triticale under cold acclimation in vitro and ex vitro. In our study, five triticale cultivars, Ümran Hanım, Alper Bey, Mikham 2002, Tatlıcak, and Melez 2001 were used as the plant material. Triticale seeds were planted in 15 cm sand pods. They were maintained in 20/180C (day / night) greenhouse with a 12 h day length for 10 days to initiation germination. After 2 weeks the plants were transferred at 4±10C for cold acclimation for 30 days. Callus was transferred to a hormone-free MS medium for 1 month. All cultures were kept under fluorescent light with 15000 lux and 16 h/8 h light/dark cycle at 25±10C. The culture media was subsequently refreshed and kept under fluorescent light with 1500 lux and 16 h/8 h light/dark cycle at 4±10C under cold acclimation. Our results revealed that the cold acclimation changed the activities of APX (Ascorbate Peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), and CAT (Catalase) under both ex vitro and in vitro conditions. The highest correlation between enzyme activities and cold resistance was observed in the sugar content of in vitro stress callus. Our results indicated as closely related to proline, sugar content and antioxidant enzyme activities at cold acclimation in the evaluation of cold tolerance of Triticale cultivars.Item Pollen morphology of selected allergenıc specıes at beşevler 10. Year campus, ankara unıversıty, Turkey(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Şahin, Aydan Acar; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiAlthough airborne pollen is invisible to the eye, it has been known as a major source to respiratory allergic reactions. For this reason, relationship between the morphological characteristics of airborne pollen and their potential tendency as an allergen are still obscure. In the present study, we selected 29 allergenic species at Beşevler 10. year campus and investigated their detail pollen characteristics using light and scanning electron microscopies. 11 of the allergic plants on campus are also important for beekeeping.Item Physıologıcal and bıochemıcal responses of cotton to tımes and type of stress modulator ın salıne condıtıons(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Barzoie, Zeinab; Other; OtherAmong the different agronomic techniques used to reduce the negative effects of salinity, external applications of stress modulators are considered as an efficient approach for salinity stress alleviation. An experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement based on a complete randomized block design in 3 replications to evaluate the foliar application effects of different stress modulators on the physiological and biochemical responses of cotton cultivated in a saline condition. The involved factors included foliar application time (flowering and flowering+bolling stages) and 4 stress moderator types (control, Salicylic acid (SA), Glycine Betaine (GB), and Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP)). Application times had no significant impacts on the plant physiological attributes. Foliar application of SA further increased the activities of enzymatic or non-enzymatic antioxidants in cotton as compared to the other osmotic modulators. SA spraying enhanced the contents of Chlorophyll a (76.4%), Chlorophyll b (47.7%), carotenoids (73.3%), proline (90.8%), catalase (82.6%), superoxide dismutase (74.5%), and guaiacol peroxidase (98.1%) in comparison to the control treatment. Overall, The modulatory effectiveness of the enzymes in reducing salinity stress by augmenting their antioxidant activities could be classified as SA>GB>SNP.Item Synopsıs of the genus cota (anthemıdeae, asteraceae) ın Turkey(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Özbek, Mehmet Ufuk; Other; OtherThe morphological features of Cota were studied based on our specimens collected between 2005 and 2019 in Turkey and herbarium specimens from various herbaria. As a result of the obtained systematic and floristic findings of the last years, Cota now 22 taxa (17 species, 2 subspecies, 3 variety), of which 9 are endemic to Turkey which suggests an endemism rate of about 41%. In this study, C. coelopoda var. longiloba and C. coelopoda var. bourgaei are considered a synonym of C. coelopoda, and one new lectotyes are designed. Moreover, main synonyms, nomenclatural types, ecological data, diagnostic keys and distribution of taxa are also given for each accepted taxon and morphological characters have been discussed.Item Effects of harvestıng leaves from dıfferent heıghts of summer snowflake (leucojum aestivum l.) on bulb development and galanthamıne content(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Küçük, Gözde; Other; OtherThis research was carried out to optimize the optimum leaf length that could be used to obtain maximum galanthamine without damaging the growth of 9-10 g weight summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) during October 2017 and July 2019 for two years. The leaves were harvested at ground level, 5, 10, 15 cm above soil level and control (not harvested). Using a total of 600 bulbs, 30 bulbs were planted in each replication. Equally proportionate sand-soil substrate was used for planting. The length of leaf at harvest (cm), the number of leaves, the percentage of galanthamine in the leaves ranged 15.225-20.775 cm, 2.20-3.60 number, and 0.067-0.094% for the first year and it ranged 19.8-23.4 cm, 4.50-5.50 number, and 0.063-0.096% for the second year in the same order. In the second year, the amount of galanthamine in bulbs ranged from 0.326-0.376%. Harvesting the leaves from soil level negatively affected the bulb quantity and the least bulb was obtained. In control application without leaf harvest, one bulb weight and galanthamine amount reached the highest value. It has been determined that different leaf harvest heights have effects on bulb development and the amount of galanthamine in leaves and bulbs.Item The fısh fauna of a karst sprıng; özlen stream (Antalya, Turkey)(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Ergönül, Mehmet Borga; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiMost of the ichthyological research in Turkish freshwaters are focused on large rivers. However, the fish fauna of small karst-springs is neglected. In such small karst-fed streams the downstream end of the underground flow reaches the surface and drain to the sea in a very short distance. In this study, the fish fauna of a karst-fed small stream, Özlen Stream, was investigated on a seasonal basis. A total of 8 fish species (Anguilla anguilla, Carassius gibelio, Squalius fellowesi, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Gambusia holbrooki, Mugil cephalus, Liza saliens and Salaria fluviatilis) were identified. Three of these fish species are exotic and invasive for Turkish freshwaters. C. gibelio and G. holbrooki, are considered a serious threat to natural fish populations in Turkey. Presence of such invasive fish species even in a small river indicates that they are expanding their distribution area in Turkey.Item Althenıa orıentalıs (potamogetonaceae) ın turkey: habıtat condıtıons, morphology and anatomy(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Bayındır, Necati; Other; OtherAlthenia F.Petit is a submerged aquatic plant genus, which is represented by two species in the world. Althenia species are found mainly in brackish water lagoons and in salt lakes. The genus has only one species in Turkey, Althenia orientalis (Tzvelev) García-Mur. & Talavera which was collected from Turkey in 1959 and published in 1975. Since then, it could not be collected again and was assessed as extinct in Turkey. We performed field studies to collect the species in May 2017 and June 2017. We managed to find the species in its original locality. We measured chemical and physical properties of the water bodies it is growing. Additionally, we provide the stem anatomy of the species based on Turkish material for the first time. The single locality of the species in Turkey is a hypersaline lagoon lake (Lake Tuzla, Adana). Only dense Ruppia maritima L. population accompanies the species. Althenia orientalis grows in slightly alkaline and warm waters. The population size is small, covering approximately 500 m2 area. The plants future presence is threatened by severe human pressure (i.e. pollution due to construction waste deposits and dense agricultural activities).Item Isolatıon of entomopathogenıc fungı from turkey soıl and testıng of dıfferent doses on gallerıa mellonella (lepıdoptera: pyralıdae)(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2020) Doğan, Yusuf; Other; OtherIsolation of biological control agents which would be used with pests control could be done with different methods. The most sensitive of these methods is the insect bait method. Besides, it is known that the effects of different entomopathogen fungi isolates, which would be used as biological control agents varies in different hosts. In this study, since the target pest organism is the larval period of Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), this pest is used for insect bait method and as a result of isolation from 180 soil samples, 48 Beauveria bassiana Bals.-Criv. Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and 1 Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc.) Petch (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) was detected but Metarhizium spp. wasn’t detected. Furthermore, it is known that the precise determination of the entomopathogen fungi isolates, plays a crucial role in the success of a biological control program. In this study, as biological control agent, four concentrations (1x104, 1x105, 1x106 and 1x107 conidiya/ml) of 10 different isolates of Beauveria bassiana Bals.-Criv. Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), which were obtained from soils of our country and a standard strain from Denmark were applied to Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae. When Lethal times (LT50) compared, it was found that the highest concentration of each isolates was also the most effective one.