Cilt:67 Sayı:01 (2020)
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Item Pharmacotherapy of canine atopic dermatitis - current state and new trends(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) BÄUMER, Wolfgang; Veteriner FakültesiThis review offers a concise overview of current treatment options for canine atopic dermatitis and provide an outline of two promising new treatment options (phosphodiesterase 4 and histamine H4 receptor inhibitors). Glucocorticoids have been one of the first successful treatment options and are still part of the treatment regime. Ciclosporin was introduced more than 15 years ago and is also a main pharmacological treatment option. In 2013, the Janus kinase inhibitor oclacitinib was introduced as a first in class, which is then followed by the anti-canine IL-31 antibody lokivetmab in 2016. Thus, exciting new treatment options have found their way into clinical practice. Apart from these substance classes, antihistamines, essential fatty acids and lipid substitution will be discussed as add-on treatments.Item Spontaneous toxoplasmosis in a chicken(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Ekebaş, Görkem; Atasever, Ayhan; Gram, Duygu Yaman; Veteriner FakültesiThe carcasses of three 1-year-old, Leghorn chickens were presented for necropsy; one of the chickens was told to have shown neurological signs before death. At necropsy, meningeal and cerebral hyperemia were observed in the carcass that had neurological symptoms, and diarrhea was evident in the other two chickens. Histopathological examination revealed nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, myositis in skeletal and cardiac muscles, and focal nonsuppurative hepatitis, and nephritis. Bradyzoites and tachyzoites were present in the meninges and brain. The present case is the first report of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a chicken in Turkey.Item Nutrient content and in vitro digestibility of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) growing in the provincial borders of Burdur(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Türel, Ali Osman; Buğdaycı, Kadir Emre; Veteriner FakültesiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), nutrient content, cell wall components, total and condensed tannin content of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) which is the main feed source for goat herds. Kermes oak was exemplified in 3 different stations during a year (12 months). Sampling was made to include leaves, some branches, acorns and young shoots, if any based on season, which were consumed by the goats. The amount of dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), total tannin and condensed tannin content, and IVDMD (by using two-stage technique) were determined on the samples (12 × 3 = 36). Crude protein values were not statistically significant in terms of seasonal averages. On the other hand, it was found that the CF in spring and summer was significantly lower than the CF in winter (P<0.05) and the highest EE during the year was in the autumn (P<0.05). IVDMD of winter season was significantly lower than summer and autumn. (P<0.05). In terms of total tannin content, it was revealed that autumn was significantly lower than winter and spring (P<0.05). It was concluded that the nutritional values and IVDMD of kermes oak were low in the winter season.Item The evaluation of the oxidative stress index of reproductive tissues and serum thiol/disulphide homeostasis during estrous cycle in bitches(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Acar, Duygu Baki; Demirel, Murşide Ayşe; Akarca, Saadet Özen Dizakar; Birdane, Muhammed Kürşad; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of this study was firstly to determine the relationship between estrous cycle and oxidative stress in reproductive tissues in bitches. This research was performed in twenty-nine healthy bitches from different breeds and of varied ages (the range was 2-5 years) that were brought to the clinic for routine ovariohysterectomy. The stages of estrous cycle were detected using by vaginal cytology, blood progesterone level and histological findings. Ovarian, oviduct and uterine tissues were taken into Eppendorf tubes for oxidative stress index and stored at -80°C until analyses. Also, another part of these tissues were fixed in 10% formalin solution. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values in the reproductive tissues in concerning estrous cycle stages. However, there were remarkable correlations between oxidative stress parameters and reproductive tissues in different estrus stages in bitches. In conclusion, the physiological values of TAS and TOS concentration, and OSI in the ovarian, oviduct and uterine tissues during estrous cycle were firstly defined in this article. The serum thiol/disulphide homeostasis was also determined in the estrous cycle of bitches. We have found that there are remarkable variations of oxidative stress balance in the ovary, oviduct and uterus concurrently, during estrous cycle in the bitches. Besides, significant correlations between oxidative stress parameters and estrous cycle stages in the reproductive tissues were observed in the present study.Item Effects of supplementation of sepiolite and humate to beef cattle concentrate on pellet quality characteristics(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Yalçın, Sakine; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of this study was to evaluate some pelleting characteristics of beef cattle concentrate with added sepiolite and potassium humate alone or combined. For this purpose, one control group (basal concentrate) with no additive and five treatment groups with 1% sepiolite (S), 0.25% potassium humate (H-25), 0.50% potassium humate (H-50), 1% sepiolite + 0.25% potassium humate (SH-25) and 1% sepiolite + 0.50% potassium humate (SH-50) added as top-dressed into mixer were used. For each experimental group, a total of 36 tons of pellet concentrates were produced in six batches with 6 tons per batch. The basal pelleted concentrate included 90.29% dry matter, 14.51% crude protein, 11.76% crude fibre and 3.14% ether extract. Results showed that adding sepiolite up to 1% in beef cattle concentrate as top-dressed in mixer reduced moisture losses and improved the durability of pelleted feed. Sepiolite addition also lowered pellet water activity during storage. Adding potassium humate alone up to 0.50% was not enough to improve the pellet quality in terms of durability or water activity. Potassium humate supplementation alone or with sepiolite presented with lower moisture losses than control, and it was more evident during storage. In conclusion, the use of sepiolite in beef cattle concentrates as pellet binder seemed to be providing more durable feed pellets with lower water activity. Promising results were obtained from both the supplements in limiting the moisture losses post- pelleting and storage. Regarding the role of potassium humate as pellet binder in animal feed industry further research is needed.Item Microbial contamination in food, food- handlers’ hands and surfaces and evaluation of contamination sources by the similarity between isolates(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Erdoğan, Metin; Pamuk, Şebnem; Veteriner FakültesiFood can be contaminated with surfaces and food workers during chopping, shredding and serving. Pathogenic microorganisms are transmitted by direct contact with food or indirectly with airborne particles. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the relationship between pathogenic microorganisms isolated from food, kitchen equipment and foodhandler’s hands. A total of 212 microbiological samples were collected from surfaces, foods and food handlers’ hands at different six canteens inside of the Afyon Kocatepe University campus during the period 2017-2018. Following biochemical tests, identification of Staphylococcus species were performed from a specific region of 23S rRNA gene. The genetic relationships between totally 25 Staphylococcus spp. and Proteus mirabilis isolates were determined. S.epidermidis was detected in two samples from knife handle (5%), nine samples from hands (20%) and in one of food sample (1%), too. S.aureus was found to be existed in one sample from hands (2.2%), two samples of soujouk (2%) and in one sample pancakes (3%) obtained from the university canteens. Besides from one of food sample (1%) S.sciuri, from one of hand sample (2.2%) S.haemolyticus and one of the food samples (1%) S.saprophyticus bacteria were identified. As a result, foods, food preparation surfaces and foodhandler’s hands were contaminated with microorganisms in canteens and they were similar/same to each other. Also, considering the number of isolates, the highest of contamination is the hands of food-handler.Item Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of gastrointestinal helminths (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in ruminant livestock of northwest Iran(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) BARGHANDAN, Tahereh; HAJİALİLO, Elham; SHARİFDİNİ, Meysam; JAVADİ, Amir; Veteriner FakültesiTrichostrongylidae family is considered as a group of gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants with widespread distribution in the world. The parasites are the major causes of productivity loss in many countries including Iran. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of abomasal Trichostrongylidae among livestock of Qazvin, Iran. Totally, 160 abomasum samples including 83 from sheep, 72 from cattle and 5 from goats were collected from slaughterhouses throughout the Qazvin Province. The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region was amplified using PCR followed by sequencing 13 different isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the identified sequences was performed using MEGA 7 software. The prevalence rate of the nematodes was 19.4% among the specimens. Also, two spices including Marshallagia marshalli and Teladorsagia circumcincta were identified among the isolates with M. marshalli at higher frequency. No Trichostrongylus spp. was detected in the region. Since livestock plays a major role in ecosystem balance and as some species of nematodes have a zoonotic nature, it is necessary to proceed with more comprehensive epidemiologic studies to clarify the infection rate among the human population living in the region.Item Comparison of qualitative and quantitative alterations caused by use of various fixatives in the myocardium(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Insal, Burcu; Orhan, İ. Önder; Akgün, R. Orkun; Kocakaya, Mustafa; Türkmen, Nazlı; doğan, Barışhan; Veteriner FakültesiIn the field of anatomy, preservation techniques used to preserve the integrity of specimens prepared for use as educational and research material are very ancient. It is desirable that these materials be as close as possible to the characteristics of living animal tissues in order to be an effective educational material. One of the most important criteria in determining similarity to fresh cadavers is the color and odor changes in the tissues. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reveal the anatomical and physiological changes on myocardial tissue, fixed by 4 different solutions in which qualitative and quantitative methods such as color analysis, sensory analysis, and microbiological tests. As a result, it was determined that a newly developed enriched saline solution and low concentration formaldehyde solution can be used safely for the preparation, preserve and long term use of educational materials.Item Vascular endothelial growth factor and epithelial cell adhesion molecule immunoexpression in enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of goats(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Özmen, Özlem; Serpin, Nilay; Veteriner FakültesiEnzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) is a contagious and viral disease in sheep and goats. The disease leads to the death of the affected animals and causes economic losses in infected small ruminant flocks. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a newly discovered tumor antigen, commonly expressed by several tumors occurring in humans. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulate the formation of blood vessels and plays an important role in angiogenesis, essential for tumor development. In this study, ENA originating from the nasal mucosa is detected on histopathological and cytopathological examinations, with transmission electron microscopy confirming viral particles in the tumoral cells. The aim of this study was to examine VEGF and EpCAM immunoexpressions using streptavidin–biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique in 24 naturally ENA-affected goats. Sneezing, dyspnea, seromucous or purulent nasal discharge, exophthalmos, and weight loss were commonly observed clinical symptoms. The tumors located in the nasal cavity were generally unilateral and were bilateral in only two cases. Cytological examination of the tumoral masses revealed uniform epithelial cell clusters and abundant inflammatory reaction. On histopathological examination, tubular, papillary, or mixed types of ENA were diagnosed. On ultrastructural examination, intracytoplasmic, spherical, retrovirus-like particles were demonstrated. Immunohistochemically, strong positive reactions were reported for both EpCAM and VEGF in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Thus, this study showed that EpCAM and VEGF may have an important role in ENA pathogenesis.Item Toxic effects of cutaneous and oral exposure to aluminum and magnesium nanoparticles on brain tissue in rats(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Arslanbaş, Emre; Coşar, Zekariye; Veteriner FakültesiIn this study, it was aimed to research the effects of cutaneous and oral exposure to aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs) and magnesium nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) on the brain tissue, which is vitally important in terms of its structure and functions. The study was performed on Wister-Albino rats, which were divided into 10 groups, such as control groups (groups 1 and 2), groups, to which Al and Mg NPs were applied as 500 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg orally (groups 3-6) and 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg cutaneously (groups 7-10). The dosages were administered as a single dose. While brain tissue and serum MDA levels as well as brain tissue TNF-α and IL-6 levels have significantly increased in the group, to which 1500 mg/kg Mg-NPs was applied orally, significant decreases have also been observed in brain tissue GPX and SOD levels of the same group. Additionally, meaningful decreases in brain tissue SOD levels and significant increases in TNF-α and IL-6 levels have been observed in the group, to which 1500 mg/kg Al-NP was applied orally. On the other hand, it was found that brain tissue GPX and SOD levels of the group, to which 2000 mg/kg Mg-NP was applied cutaneous, have been decreased significantly. Histopathological examinations have also supported these findings. At the end of the study, it was observed that the toxic effect of Al and Mg NPs has varied, depending on the application method, dosage and duration.Item Comparison of the effects of zinc-silver cream and Nigella sativa oil on wound healing and oxidative stress in the wound model in rats(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Kumandaş, Ali; Karslı, Birkan; Kürüm, Aytül; Çınar, Miyase; Elma, Ertuğrul; Veteriner FakültesiThe present study was undertaken to evaluate of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and zinc-silver cream in a rat model of wound healing by means of clinical appearance, histopathology, oxidative stress parameters, and biomechanical tests. The rats were divided into three groups, each having twenty animals. Group 1 served as a control having wound. Other two groups received either NS oil or zinc-silver cream in addition to the wound. The study was initiated after the animals rested for 2 weeks for acclimation. Blood samples were collected from 10 randomly selected animals from each group at days 0, 3, 7 and 14 for oxidative stress measurements. Differences among groups for blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidant values were determined with respect to biochemical oxidative stress results (P<0.01). Wound sites of 10 animals from each group were allocated for histopathological examinations, and those of the remaining 10 animals from each group were used in biomechanical testing. Histopathological examination revealed that epithelization occurred in all groups. Inflammatory response with an intensive vascularization was present in the samples of the silver group (P<0.01). Consequently, zinc-silver group has differed positively in terms of biochemical and biomechanical and histological aspects compared to other groups for wound healing and oxidative stress.Item Economic and efficiency analysis of beekeeping activity in Turkey: Case of Çanakkale Province(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Aydın, Başak; Aktürk, Duygu; arsoy, Dilek; Veteriner FakültesiThis study was carried out to determine the economic structure and efficiencies of the beekeeping enterprises in Çanakkale Province. Beekeepers were divided into three groups/strata according to number of hives: 1-75 hives (first group), 76-150 hives (second group) and 151 hives and above (third group). Survey sample size was determined as 87 based on stratified random sampling method. The portion of fixed costs were 65.25% and variable costs were 34.75% in averages of production costs of all enterprises. The cost of honey production per kg changed between 2.04 US t o 3.54 U S among to enterprises. The average production cost of honey per kg was 2.92 US . A v e r a g e y i e l d a m o u n t p e r h i v e w a s 16.24 k g a n d p r o d u c t i o n c o s t p e r h i v e w a s 53.32 U S . Besides, average gross profit, net profit and relative profit were determined as 77.53 US , 42.74 U S and 1.80, respectively. According to the average of the enterprises, total technical efficiency (constant return to scale), pure technical efficiency (variable return to scale), scale efficiency, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency were found as 0.64, 0.89, 0.70, 0.74 and 0.66, respectively. It was determined that producer’s age and agricultural activity apart from beekeeping affected the economic efficiency negatively and land size, income per hive and honeycomb changing frequency affected the economic efficiency positively. According to the results, it was concluded that honey production was a profitable activity in Çanakkale Province and relative profits and efficiencies of the enterprises in the third group were higher than the other groups.Item Effects of Urtica dioica, Matricaria chamomilla, and Vitex agnus-castus extracts on in vitro rumen fermentation in normal and following acidosis conditions(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Demirtaş, Ahu; Pişkin, İlksin; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dry extracts of Urtica dioica, Matricaria chamomilla, and Vitex agnus-castus with high phenolic contents on rumen microbial fermentation as compared with those of monensin, a common ionophore antibiotic, using Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC) under normal and acidosis conditions. The treatments were as follows: negative control (no additive), positive control (5 mg/d monensin), and extracts of U. dioica (500 mg/d), M. chamomilla (500 mg/d), and V. agnus-castus (500 mg/d). Neither the plant extracts nor monensin altered the ruminal pH under normal or acidosis conditions. All the treatments affected total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, propionate production, and dry matter digestibility (DMD), regardless of the fermentation conditions. All three extracts increased (P<0.05) total VFA production similar to that observed with monensin (P<0.05). M. chamomilla and V. agnus-castus increased propionate production and DMD similar to that obtained with monensin (P<0.05). In contrast to the monensin treatment, all three extracts increased acetate production under normal conditions (P<0.05). Under acidosis conditions, acetate production remained unchanged in the U. dioica and V. agnus-castus treatments, as well as in the monensin treatment. Under both conditions, the acetate-to-propionate (A:P) ratio decreased only in the monensin treatment (P<0.05). U. dioica and M. chamomilla had antiprotozoal effects (P<0.05) similar to those of monensin, regardless of the condition. The NH3-N concentration declined only in the V. agnus-castus treatment under acidosis conditions (P<0.05). Similar to the monensin treatment, lactate concentrations remained unchanged in the V. agnus-castus treatment under both conditions. In conclusion, plant extracts stimulated fermentative activity of rumen microorganisms under normal and acidosis conditions. Although they did not improve ruminal pH, U. dioica and V. agnus-castus extracts had more favorable effects on some fermentation parameters under acidosis conditions.Item 3 tesla magnetic resonance imaging and multiplanar reconstruction of the brain and its associated structures in sheep(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Bakıcı, Caner; Ekim, Okan; Ergin, İrem; Algın, Oktay; Oto, Çağdaş; Veteriner FakültesiThe purpose of the study was to scan the brain and related structures in sheep with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional (3D) multiplanar reconstruction for defining the anatomical regions. Six adult sheep, three of six were male and three of six were female used as cadaver, were utilized in this research. Heads were scanned at 3 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Spin-Echo MRI devices using the human head coil. The processes were acquired in both T1 and T2 weighted slices and were reconstructed by using Leonardo workstation. The cranioencephalic structures and anatomical details were defined and labeled in all slice of 3 planes that were obtained 1 mm thickness sequential images in sagittal, frontal, and transversal planes. According to the MRI measurements obtained intracranially from the brain, the average value of length, height, and width of the brain were 87.1 ± 0.3, 46.8 ± 0.7, and 62.2 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. It was observed that in T1 weighted images were more effective to identify deep brain structures and anatomical details. On 3D reconstructed images obtained from the study can be used as a reference in head and brain MR scans in multidisciplinary studies where sheep are used as animal models.Item Whole genome molecular characterization of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Viruses isolated in Turkey(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2019-12-26) Durmaz, Yüksel; Albayrak, Harun; Veteriner FakültesiInfectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV; Birnaviridae, Aquabirnavirus) causes infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in fish. IPN disease was first found in 2002 in Turkey. In this study, 10 IPNV isolates were isolated between 2005 and 2013 and propagated in RTG-2 cell cultures. RNAs obtained from cell lysates were used as template and VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4 and VP5 genes of the virus were amplified in full length. Sequence analyses of the genes were made. The obtained sequences were compared with international reference strains from GenBank and phylogenetic analyses and genogrouping of the viruses were conducted. Turkish isolates were found to show a genetic similarity of between 93.5% and 99.8% in terms of molecules. When segment A sequences were compared with each other, a similarity between 97.8% and 99.8% was found; when they were compared with international reference strains, they were found to have the highest similarity (99.3%) with France AJ622822 isolate and the lowest (65.7%) similarity with Canada NC001915 isolate. When segment B sequences of the isolates were compared with each other, a similarity between 93.5% and 99.5% was found; when they were compared with international reference strains, they were found to have the highest similarity (98.9%) with Canada M58757 isolate and the lowest (52.7%) similarity with Finland KY548519 strain. As a result of phylogenetic analyses conducted, Turkish isolates were found to be closely related with France, Spain and Iran strains in serotype A2 and genogroup 5 they were placed in.