Cilt:27 Sayı:04 (2021)

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https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12575/83927

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Effects of Season and Phenology-based Changes on Soil Erodibility and Other Dynamic RUSLE Factors for Semi-arid Winter Wheat Fields
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Saygın, Selen; Other; Ziraat Fakültesi
Time-dependent and phenology-based erodibility assessments in agricultural areas are extremely important for a more accurate evaluation of erosion. This paper aims to investigate soil erodibility factor (RUSLE-K) of the “Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)” model in terms of phenological and seasonal variations in the 50 different winter wheat growing parcels with the interactions other dynamic RUSLE factors (RUSLE-R, RUSLE-C). For that, parcel-based erosion assessments were performed with the help of Dynamic Erosion Model and Monitoring System, digital elevation model, and satellite images in Polatlı, Ankara. Findings showed that RUSLE-K factor varied from 0.0150 to 0.0357 t ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1 during the period the seeding germination to the end of the tillering from autumn to spring, and the lowest RUSLE-K was obtained when the plant was in the three-leaf stage. After the frost-free period, corresponding to the flowering and fertilization stages of the wheat plant, the RUSLE-K values changed between 0.0786 and 0.0976 t ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1. This reveals that erodibility can vary up to nine times due to seasonality. However, the other dynamic model factors are not taken into consideration. Considering all dynamic factors on soil losses, the change coefficients from the highest to the lowest were obtained for RUSLE-R, RUSLE-K and RUSLE-C, respectively. These changes caused soil losses to change by 82% during the year. So, this study is expected to shed new light on studies of wheat or other commonly cultivated crops to accurately assess the water erosion risk as a significant land degradation problem.
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Spring Waters for Irrigation, Gökpınar Basin Case, Denizli, Turkey
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Taşdelen, Suat; Other; Other
In this study, a detailed hydrochemical evaluation has been made to determine the chemical processes of spring waters and their suitability for irrigation. The study area consists of a drainage basin of the Gökpınar dam and has fertile soils for irrigable agriculture. During the period of August 2017 and October 2018, regular samples were collected monthly from 10 spring and 140 samples in total were subjected to hydrochemical analysis. For this purpose, 11 hydrochemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, TH, Na%, SAR, MR, RSC, RSBC, USSL, and Wilcox were used. GIS-based spatial mapping of the hydrogeochemical parameters has been prepared using ArcGIS. The major hydrogeochemical facies of waters are Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3− water type. Alkaline earth metals (Ca2+, Mg2+) and weak acid (CO32−, HCO3−) dominates over the alkalies (Na+, K+) and strong acid (Cl−, SO42−) in all spring waters, respectively. Since the limit values of TDS in the samples are between 367 and 681 mgL-1, the class of all samples is freshwater. The average Na% is between 1.29 and 9.28, and EC values are between 402 and 691 μScm-1. For irrigation purposes, all spring waters fall within the category of “excellent to good” in the Wilcox (1955) diagram, based on the Na% and EC. Average SAR values in the range of 0.07-0.16 meqL-1 indicate that spring water samples are excellent for irrigation purposes.
Effect of Ginger Essential Oil on in Vitro Gas Production, Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Altınçekiç, Erdinç; Other; Other
In this study, control (0), 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 mg L-1 ginger essential oil (GEO) (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was added to rumen liquid (RL). Then, the effects of the GEO added to the RL In vitro gas production, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolisable energy (ME), rumen fermentation parameters and methane (CH4) production were examined on these samples. It was determined that the addition of the GEO to RL decreased the in vitro gas production of Trifolium pratense hay (TPH), the OMD and ME contents, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA) and other volatile fatty acids (OVFA) (P<0.05). Moreover, it was determined that while the productions of carbon dioxide (CO2), CH4 and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) decreased, the ratios of the rumen pH and AA/PA increased (P<0.05) depending on the increase in the dose of GEO. In conclusion, it was determined that the GEO dose which had the highest negative effect on the in vitro gas production, the rumen fermentation, the nutrient digestibility, the CH4 and the CO2 production was 1000 mg L-1. It was concluded that since high doses of GEO affect rumen fermentation and digestion of feeds negatively, it would be appropriate to use 200 mg L-1.
Foliar Application of Humic Acid and Some Exo-and Endophytic Growth Hormones on Yield, Yield Components and Fatty Acid Composition in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Drought Stress
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Heydari, Mojgan; Tohidi Moghdaam, Hamid Reza; Ghooshci, Farshad; Seyed Ali Mohammad, Modarres; Kasraie, Pourang; Other; Other
Α two-year field experiment was conducted in Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran to study the impact of drought stress and foliar application of some hormones on the safflower growth. The drought stress was induced at three levels and considered as main plots. Irrigating after 75% water depletion was considered to be normal irrigation (control), irrigating after 60 and 45% water depletion, defined as mild and severe drought stress, respectively. The foliar application of humic acid (HA), salicylic acid (SA), Gibberellic acid (GA3), ascorbic acid (AA), water, and the non-foliar application was considered as sub-plots. The main effect of irrigation regimes was significant on seed yield, oil yield, palmitic acid, and water use efficiency (WUE). Also, the main effect of foliar applications was significant for seed yield, oil yield, stearic acid, and WUE. Normal irrigation produced the maximum oil yield (2270 kg ha-1) that was decreased by 25.9% and 37.1% under mild and severe stress regimes, respectively. The maximum and minimum oil yields were produced by the application of SA and non-foliar treatment with average values 1970 and 1357 kg ha-1, respectively. Although the palmitic acid content was enhanced under the drought stress conditions, oleic acid content was significantly decreased in such conditions. The current findings suggest that the foliar application of SA can be recommended when optimal water supply was applied to increase the quality and quantity of safflower oilseed.
Prevalence of Listeria spp. in Seafood Samples and Control of Listeria monocytogenes with Using LISTEX™ P100 Bacteriophage Applications in Smoked Rainbow Trout
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Gündüz, Hatice; Öztürk, Fatma; Other; Other
This study was carried out to determine the presence of Listeria spp. in seafood and determine the effect of LISTEX™ P100 bacteriophage applications (incorporated into the sodium alginate based film and applied directly to the surface) on the smoked trout. In this study, Listeria spp. was isolated in 40 of the 100 products analyzed. Among the Listeria isolates, 8% correspond to L. monocytogenes, 15% to L. innocua, 6% to L. seeligeri, 10% to L. welshimeri, and 15 to L. grayi. L. ivanovii was not detected in any of the products analyzed. LISTEX™ P100 bacteriophage as antimicrobial compounds was incorporated into the sodium alginate based film for the first time. Bacteriophage in sodium alginate based film and direct bacteriophage applications in smoked trout were found to be effective in L. monocytogenes inactivation during storage. In addition, the preservation of phage stability of the two groups during storage indicates that in the smoked products can use in the control of L. monocytogenes.
Potential Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Vectors of Plum-pox Virus (Virus:Potyviridae) and Status of Sharka Disease in Stone Fruit Orchards in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Hazır, Adalet; Yurtmen, Melike; Fidan, Hakan; Other; Other
This study was conducted in stone fruit orchards in five provinces of the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey between the years of 2009-2011. The aim of the study was to determine the potential aphid vectors of the quarantine pathogen PPV (plum pox virus, family Potyviridae) that causes serious yield losses. During the surveys, 542 orchard/nurseries were sampled and 6 aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) [Brachycaudus persicae (Passerini,1860), B. helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843), B. cardui (Linnaeus, 1758), Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy, 1762), Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) and M.cerasi (Fabricius, 1775)] from stone fruit trees and 4 aphid species [Aphis craccivora (Koch, 1854), A. fabae Scopoli 1763, A. gossypii Glover 1877, A. nasturtii Kaltenbach 1843)] from weeds that were known as the efficient vectors of PPV were detected in the stone fruit orchards. Stone fruit samples (flower, leaf, fruit), weed samples and aphid samples were tested by DAS-ELISA to determine the presence of PPV. PPV infected samples that resulted uncertain from DAS-ELISA were processed to conventional RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) to finalize the decision of PPV presence. A total of 8 orchards were resulted as PPV-infected with both analyzing methods in the region. Three of these orchards were infected with aphids as well. B.cardui collected from the PPV-infected orchard in Hatay-Samandağ were also run to analyse for the presence of PPV and resulted virus positive.
Comparison of Ethylene Sensitivity of Three Tomato Cultivars From Different Tomato Types and Effects of Ethylene on Postharvest Performance
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Qasid, Ali; Kurubaş, Mehmet Seçkin; Erkan, Mustafa; Other; Other
The aim of study was to investigate ethylene sensitivity of different types of tomatoes and the effects of ethylene on their postharvest performance. For that purpose, beefsteak, heirloom and cluster types of tomato fruit were harvested at the breaker maturity stage and divided into two groups one of which was treated with 150 μL L−1 ethylene and the other was untreated for comparison. Ethylene treated and untreated fruit were stored at 12 °C and 90+5% relative humidity for 35 days and subsamples removed every 7 days for postharvest quality analysis. After each removal time, fruit were kept at 20 °C for 3 days in order to determine shelf life performance. Ethylene treatment lead to increase respiration rate, ethylene production, weight loss but decreased fruit firmness in all tested tomato cultivars. Minimum ethylene production and respiration rate occurred in untreated beefsteak tomatoes. At the end of cold storage and shelf life period, the highest L* values and fruit firmness were recorded for control beefsteak tomatoes. The conclusion drawn from this experiment was that the cluster type of tomatoes was more sensitive, while beefsteak type of tomatoes was found to be less sensitive to ethylene treatment as they had the highest and lowest amount of ethylene productions respectively. Untreated beefsteak tomatoes exhibited maximal postharvest quality compared to other treatments after 35 days cold storage and shelf life.
The Estimation of Live Weight from Body Measurements in Different Meat-Type Lambs
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Kader Esen, Vasfiye; Elmacı, Cengiz; Other; Other
The present study aimed to analyze the live weight (LW) and some body measurements to estimate the LW of lambs in five different meat-type sheep breeds reared in the same flock under intensive conditions. A total of 202 head of lambs, including both genders of Kivircik (K), Bandirma (B), Karacabey Merino (KM), Hampshire Down x Merino crossbreed (HM), and Ramlic (R), were conducted in this study. Birth weights ranged between 3.94-5.07 kg in those breeds and were affected significantly by breed and birth types (P<0.001). The effect of sex was clearly seen with the weaning period; males lambs were 2.61 kg heavier than female lambs (P<0.001). The importance of breed differences on chest circumference (CC) increased as the lambs grew older. On the other hand, sex had a significant effect on all body measurements at the pre- and post-weaning period (P<0.01 and P<0.001); however, did not on body length (BL) at the pre-weaning period (P>0.05). In contrast, the importance of birth type on BL and CC decreased as the lambs grew older (P>0.05). The results of regressing LW and body measurements show that LW was very highly (P<0.001) correlated with body measurements (r=0.682–0.892). The highest correlations were observed between LW and CC (r=0.802-0.892) in B, KM, and R lambs. These results suggest that using body measurements as a correction factor has a great benefit in those breeds, such as withers height and CC are used to estimate LW in KM and R lambs, effectively.
Effect of Methyl Jasmonate Treatments on Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) During Cold Storage
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Çavuşoğlu, Şeyda; Yılmaz, Nurettin; İşlek, Fırat; Other; Ziraat Fakültesi
The study was carried out to investigate the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments (0.5 and 1.0 mM MeJA) on quality characteristics such as weight loss, respiration rate, ethylene production, color, total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and antioxidant enzyme activities of sour cherry fruit (Prunus cerasus L. cv. ‘Kütahya’) during cold storage. Fruit were stored at 0±1 °C and 90±5% RH for 36 days. The results indicated that MeJA treatments showed higher levels of total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity and quality and were also effective on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), malondialdehyde (MDA), ethylene production and respiration rate. In conclusion, 0.5 mM MeJA treatment showed the best maintaining of fruit quality among the concentrations of MeJA. It can be suggested that sour cherry could be stored successfully for 36 days at 0 °C following treatment of MeJA.
Efficacy of Various Entomopathogenic Fungi Strains as Biocontrol Agents for Control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Kordalı, Şaban; Usanmaz Bozhüyük, Ayşe; Kesdek, Memiş; Altınok, Hacer; Altınok, Mahmut Alper; Other; Other
Cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), is considered an important bruchid pest in cowpea seed storages. The used pesticides against this pest have caused the occurrence of resistant populations and direct toxicity to the users. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mortality effects of six entomopathogenic fungi isolates obtained from ARSEF (USA) collection [Paecilomyces farinosus (2538), Isaria fumosorosea (4501), Isaria farinosa (3580), Beauveria bassiana (4984), Lecanicillium muscarium (972) and Lecanicillium muscarium (5128)] against C. maculatus adults under laboratory conditions (26±2 °C, 70±5% RH and 16h light: 8h dark). The isolates were cultivated in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA, Oxoid, CM0139) medium at 26±2 ºC in dark conditions for two weeks before using them as control agents. Spore suspensions of the isolates were prepared at two different concentrations (1x105 and 1x107)and mixed with Tween 20 (0.04%). Each concentration was replicated three times and the mortality rates were observed on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th day of incubations. As a commercial control, a Mycotal extraction of L. muscarium and as a negative control, Tween 20+sterile water was used. Six entomopathogenic fungal isolates at both conidial concentrations yielded high mortalities (from 62.6% to 100%) of C. maculatus adults. These results illustrated that tested fungi strains led to significant mortalities on C. maculatus adults in all the treatments as compared to the controls. Consequently, these fungi strains were regarded as an encouraging alternative method to control the population of C. maculatus adults in the stored cowpea grains.
Determination of Melatonin Differences between Day and Night Milk in Dairy Cattle
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Şahin, Özcan; Akyürek, Fikret; Aytekin, İbrahim; Other; Other
The aim of this study was to determine the difference between melatonin hormone in night milk and melatonin concentration in day milk of Holstein cows. In this study, daytime milk obtained from 40 heads Holstein cows in the first lactation raised in a private dairy cattle farm in Karapınar district of Konya state province in Turkey and night milk samples taken from the same cows that were kept in darkness for one week were used. The milk samples were collected from day and night milking in order to determine the melatonin concentration with the help of Bovine Melatonin (MLT) Elisa Kit. In this study, melatonin concentration in day time and night time milk were determined as respectively 103.70 ± 6.61 pg mL-1 and 163.13 ± 8.96 pg mL-1. The difference between melatonin levels of day and night milk was statistically significant (P<0.01). Since significant difference occurred between melatonin concentration between day and night milk at the end of the study, it can be stated that night milk can be used for medical purposes that is used cure of some illnesses and producers can be provided with a new production source.
Proximate Composition, Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Profiles of Narrow-Barred Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) Fillets from İskenderun Bay in The North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Yılmaz, Hatice Asuman; Other; Other
The present study aims to determine the proximate, fatty acid and amino acid profiling of consumed fresh narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson). Landed fish were freshly sampled (total length 33.7-48.7 cm and weight 617-1260 g) from the Yumurtalık Bay (north-eastern Mediterranean Sea) in Turkey during January, February and March. The protein values were highest in January (22.89%) while the and lowest in February (21.38%) and March (21.73%). Lipid and ash values were not significantly differencing among sampling time. The fatty acid data revealed that the saturated fatty acid values were found higher than the polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acid values. In general, the fillets were abundant in palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:6n-3; DHA) values, regardless of the sampled months. DHA value was recorded as 315.08 mg 100g-1 in January, while it increased to 327.55 mg 100g-1 in the March samples. A total of 16 amino acids were determined from the fresh fillets. Compared with the other essential amino acids, the concentration of lysine and leucine were found to be higher in the fillet. At the same time, the lower rates of tryptophan were detected in examined samples for all months. Consequently, this study shows that the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel as a finfish (commercially valuable) from the north-eastern Mediterranean Sea has precious nutritional values that of the protein, fatty acids and amino acids during the sampling period. This fish can be recommended in terms of detected essential fatty acid and amino acid profile that completely nutritious for the human as well as other organisms’ dietary requirements.
Searching of Pregnancy Rate in Repeat Breeder Cows by Embryo Transfer Practices
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Say, Erkan; Sağırkaya, Hakan; Other; Other
The aim of this study is to compare the pregnancy rates by applying embryo transfer to the cows which are not pregnant and should be removed from herd as repeat breeder. In this study, 87 randomly selected Holstein cows utilized. The repeat breeder cows (n=45) were selected from at least one giving birth, having regular sexual cycle, missing clinical worsening into genital organ and not displaying an abnormal discharge. On the other hand, it was selected from nonpregnant cows which inseminated artificially at least 3 times or more. Besides, cows that used as the control group (n=42) were selected from the cows without any artificial insemination postnatally. The PGF2α application was performed to all recipient cows which are considered to benefit from as a recipient in control and testing groups just 24 days before the flushing day. After this application, the cows showing estrous symptoms were recorded and determined as candidate recipients. The pregnancy rates were 35.6% and 50% for testing and control groups, respectively and the difference between the groups was significant (P<0,05). As a result, even this difference between the groups it has been concluded that embryo transfer can be used to conceive especially for high-yielding cows as a treatment method for repeat breeder cows. Thereby, embryo transfer from the cows with high superior characteristics to the high milk yielding cows which have infertility problems can economically be beneficial by utilizing the high milk yield in the later lactation without any replacement cost.
Spectroscopic Characterisation and Elemental Composition of Biochars Obtained from Different Agricultural Wastes
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Akça, Muhittin Onur; Sözüdoğru Ok, Sonay; Deniz, Kıymet; Mohammedelonur, Abdoelbage; Kibar, Mümtaz; Other; Ziraat Fakültesi
The use of biochar (BC) has an environmental importance in terms of climate change, soil fertility, waste management and energy generation. The purpose of this study was to reveal some of the structural characteristics of BC produced from agricultural wastes by employing spectroscopic techniques within a short time frame. The BCs were produced via slow pyrolysis at 300 °C from four feedstocks: tea waste (TW), hazelnut husk (HH), rice husk (RH) and poultry litter (PL). The pH of plant-derived BC was alkaline (pH: 7-9), and the pH of manure-derived BC was strongly alkaline (pH: 10.1). PLBC has the highest (4.67 dS m-1) electrical conductivity (EC) when compared to other BC materials. According to the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis method, organic compound contents of TWBC and HSBC were found to be higher than the other two BCs, while the other two BCs (RHBC and PLBC) were richer in mineral content. TWBC and HHBC were composed of more mineral elements when compared to RHBC and PLBC, but the latter two were still rich in minerals. The surface area of RHBC was found higher (12.9 m2 g-1) than other BC materials. According to the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis method, the total element content of PLBC was found higher than the other BCs. In addition, the silicon (Si) content of RHBC was considerably higher (16.4%). In PLBC’s XRD diagram: quartz (SiO2) at 3.41 (Å); calcite (CaCO3) at 3.96, 2.94 and 1.91 (Å); sylvine (KCl) at 3.06 and 1.85 (Å); and whitlockite ([Ca, Mg]3 [PO4]2) at 2.78 and 2.17 (Å) were found. In HHBC and RHBC diagrams, partially crystallized carbon (CryC) peaks were mainly observed between 1.20 and 2.34 (Å), and cristobalite peaks (i.e., amorphous SiO2) were observed at 3.91 and 3.40 (Å).
The Use of Landscape Character Analysis to Reveal Differences Between Protected and Nonprotected Landscapes in Kapısuyu Basin
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Görmüş, Sevgi; Oğuz, Dicle; Eşbah Tunçay, Hayriye; Cengiz, Serhat; Other; Ziraat Fakültesi
The European Landscape Convention (ELC) has directed the landscape classification towards landscape character analysis. Landscape character analysis provides a character-based classification that can combine different values or variables and be applied at different scales to define the landscapes of each country and define the forces on the landscape. In this study, the Kapısuyu Basin of Küre Mountains National Park, which is one of the hot spots in the world in terms of different landscape character and natural quality, was classified by landscape character analysis. In this study, Kapısuyu basin was analyzed on an analytical ground according to the landscape variables and the basin landscape types, and the landscape character area map were obtained based on the dominant features of the area and the cultural landscape pattern. Throughout the basin, 345 landscape character types and 21 landscape character area were identified. Despite having similar values, the surface area of the protected area in the national park and the rural area had significant differences in landscape character ratios and patchiness ratio. Patchiness was seen to be higher in rural areas. When looked at Shannon Diversity Index (SDI) values, it is seen that a high diversity of Landscape Character Types (LCT) exist in the rural areas. Within the scope of this study, the fact that the landscape character analysis performed at the basin scale in the protected area can be evaluated together with different variables and interpreted from the perspective of holistic landscape planning shows that the technique is a positive approach in the evaluation of protected areas.
Detection of Metabolite Content in Local Bitter White Lupin Seeds (Lupinus albus L.) and Acaricidal and Insecticidal Effect of its Seed Extract
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Elma, Fatmanur; Çetin, Hüseyin; Mustafa, Yorgancılar; Acar, Ramazan; Other; Other
This study investigated the acaricidal and insecticidal effect of local lupin (Lupinus albus L. Fabaceae) seed extract against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and metabolite content of seeds. In tests for T. urticae leaf-disk bioassay was employed. Contrarily, two μL of the L. albus extract were topically applied using a micro-applicator on C. maculatus and P. interpunctella. In the assays of T. urticae and P. interpunctella, the concentrations of 0.78, 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25% (w/w) of the plant extracts were used. Furthermore, the concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5, 10% (w/w) were applied to C. maculatus. Mortality data was collected 24, 48 and 72 hours after application. In the results, L. albus extract was found to be quite effective to C. maculatus adults with LD50 of 7.26, 1.21 and 0.55% after 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Moreover, lupin extract was effective to T. urticae adults with LC50 values of 4.03, 3.15 and 2.73% for the same durations. L. albus extract was showed low insecticidal effect against the larvae of P. interpunctella. In seeds metabolite content were detected, which contained 686.99 mg GAE / 100 mg total phenol, 22.06 mg QE / 100 mg total flavonoid, DPPH 26.04 mg TE / 100 g having antioxidant activity. The bitter taste of stem and seeds of the plant is due to their metabolite content which has a toxic effect. In conclusion, results indicated that lupin seed has a high secondary metabolites content and also its extract had the high toxic effect against T. urticae and C. maculatus.
The performance of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Parasitoids Feeding on Honey Sources
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Tunçbilek, Aydın; Bilbil, Hüsniye; Bakır, Sevgi; Silici, Sibel; Other; Other
The effectiveness of parasitoids as organism for biological control is at times limited by food sources. Most of parasitoids rely on carbohydrate foods to enhance their longevity and reproductive capacity. Honey is the miraculous product of honey bees and is naturally delicious. A preliminary study was conducted on the use of different kinds of honey as food sources for the Trichogramma species. The value of honey as a food source for Trichogramma was evaluated by testing the influence of several honey diets on parasitism and longevity in the laboratory. The most commonly available honey is made from a variety of flowers, pine, citrus, chestnut, sunflower, and cotton. Trichogramma females fed on chestnut and sunflower honey parasitized relatively more than when fed on citrus honey. Trichogramma females fed on flower, sunflower, and citrus honey survived drastically longer than females fed on chestnut and pine honey. These results showed that supplying sugar, sunflower, and flower honey to Trichogramma resulted in greater longevity and total fecundity. Overall, feeding Trichogramma females on different kinds of honey had a negligible effect on parasitization but did certainly affect longevity. Of the Trichogramma species evaluated, T. brassicae appears to be the most suitable parasitoids regarding high parasitization and longer life span.
Digital Transformation for Sustainable Future - Agriculture 4.0: A review
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021) Dayıoğlu, Mehmet Ali; Other; Ziraat Fakültesi
In the last few years, while the COVID-19 pandemic affects food supply chains around the world, the agriculture sector also has faced many global problems, such as global warming, environmental pollution, climate change, and weather disasters. It has known that technological opportunities are available for human beings to get out of these predicaments, solving the interconnections between food-water-energy- climate nexus, and achieving agricultural transformation from traditional to digital. The aim of this review is to gain holistic solutions in a systematic view, based on water-energy-food resources to agricultural digital transformation that will play role in sustainable development. The transition from primitive to digital is given with road maps covering agricultural and industrial revolutions at four stages on timeline. Digital agriculture combined under precision agriculture and Agriculture 4.0 are handled based on domains covering monitoring, control, prediction, and logistics. Digital technologies are explained with application examples such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, decision support systems, etc. Wearable sensor technologies, real-time monitoring systems tracking whole conditions of animals in livestock, the IoT-based irrigation and fertilization systems that help enhance the efficiency of irrigation processes and minimize water and fertilizer losses in agricultural fields and greenhouses, blockchain-based electronic agriculture, and solutions based on drones and robotics that reduce herbicide and pesticide use are handled systematically. Moreover, renewable energy technologies to be provided synergy between technologies such as agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics combining food and energy production in rural are explained, besides solar-powered pivot and drip irrigation systems and environmental monitoring systems. As a result, for a sustainable future, technological innovations that increase crop productivity and improve crop quality, protect the environment, provide efficient resource use and decrease input costs can help us facing in agriculture of today overwhelm many the economic, social, and environmental challenges.

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