Cilt:28 Sayı:01 (2019)
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Item Metal accumulatıon profıle ın crayfısh tıssues from çomar stream(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Ergen, Şeyda Fikirdeşici; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiThe accumulation of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr and Al in the exoskeleton, hepatopancreas, gills and muscle tissues of the Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) (crayfish) obtained from Çomar Stream were determined by correlation analysis. The strongest correlations were observed between Mn-Cu (r=0.780) and Fe-Cu (r=0.744) in the hepatopancreas. The highest metal concentration was observed in hepatopancreas, the lowest was determined in the muscle tissue. Sequence of metal concentration levels were Al> Fe> Mn> Zn> Cu> Ni> Pb> Cr in exoskeleton and gills, Al> Fe> Mn> Cu> Zn> Ni> Pb> Cr in hepatopancreas and Al> Mn> Fe> Zn> Cu> Pb> Ni=Cr in muscle.Item Histomorphological changes on the testicular tissue in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Eyison, Hatice Mutlu; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized with various complications due to its damage on many organs. One of the most common complications of DM is testicular damage. Therefore, it is necessary to start a treatment agent promptly during this process which may lead to infertility. There are treatment steps that seriously prolong the process of complications of this dangerous disease. However, there are some contradictions in numerous studies conducted regarding which agent the treatment should continue with according to the stage of the diabetes in the patient. In this context, examining the functions of male reproductive system may prevent these contradictions in the future. In this study, 2 groups were used; one of them consisted of the healthy rats and the other consisted of the ones that became diabetes by induction of streptozotocin. The animals of both groups were fed under the same sheltering conditions and testicle tissues of both groups were evaluated under light microscope. As a result of histomorphological examination of testicular tissues, the pathologies such as impaired integrity of the seminiferous tubules especially in the testicles of diabetic rats, the separation of germinal epithelium cells from connective tissue and from each other and the presence of prominent necrosis focuses in spermatogenic cells were found to be noteworthy. In this study, it has been evaluated that cellular pathological changes are clearly revealed under the microscope. It is believed that the results of the study will contribute to the clinical studies regarding the treatment and may shed light on research at molecular level.Item Comparıson of toxıc and antıtoxıc effects of cısplatın and camp, at cyp1a1 gene expressıon level of wıstar albıno type rat lıver(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Aras, Emine Sümer; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiThroughout the course of cancer treatment, cisplatin has proven to be a successful chemotherapy agent. Several researches have been conducted in vivo and/or in vitro on gene expression changes occurring with the impact of this agent. The current study focuses on the alterations in CYP1A1 gene expression levels in liver cells by cisplatin and cAMP treatment. CYP1A1 gene which the expression levels were analyzed, encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. Throughout the study, liver tissues from Wistar-type albino rat, also known as the laboratory rat, were used. For normalization of the data, the housekeeping gene TATA box binding protein (TBP) was preferred. The results showed that; gene expression was reduced in tissues subjected independently to cisplatin and cAMP, however the tissues treated with cAMP showed further reduction in gene expression levels. In contrast, tissues subjected to both cisplatin and cAMP showed an increase in the level of expression. This study aims to provide an alternative perspective for comparative toxicology cases and will also serve as a guide for elucidation of cases connected with forensic toxicology.Item Chemotaxonomy ın bacterıal systematıcs(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Aras, Emine Sümer; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiIn taxonomy, polyphasic approach is based on the principle of combining and evaluating different types of data obtained from microorganisms. While, during characterization and identification of a microorganism, in the direction of polyphasic studies, chemotaxonomic analysis has of paramount importance for the determination of the most important differences between the family, genus and species comparatively. It is beyond doubt that, in recent years significant developments have been achieved in systematics by the aid of molecular biological studies. Phylogenetic data have revealed the hierarchical arrangement of the kinship relations between the given bacteria, however, this information cannot provide reliable data on the level of genus. At this stage, chemical markers play an important role in regulating inter-taxa relationships. Chemotaxonomy; is the whole of the characterizations made by using the similarities and differences of the biochemical properties of bacteria. In bacterial systematics, chemotaxonomy examines biochemical markers such as: amino acids and peptides (peptidoglycan), lipids (fatty acid, lipopolysaccharides, micolic acid and polar lipids), polysaccharides and related polymers (teicoic acid, whole sugar) and other complex polymeric compounds to find the distribution of members of different taxa and all of this information is used for classification and identification. In this review, how the chemotaxonomic data can be used in bacterial systematics and reflected to application within the field questions were evaluated.-REVIEW.Item Four new mıcrofungı for turkısh ascomycota(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Akata, Ilgaz; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiIn the present study, Phyllosticta cyclaminis Brunaud, Passalora juniperina (Georgescu & Badea) H. Solheim, Ascochyta paliuri Sacc. and Asteroma padi DC.) were reported for the first time from Turkey. Short descriptions, localities, collection dates, altitude and accession numbers of the newly reported species were provided.Item Common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) dof transcrıptıon factors dıfferentıally expressed under salt stress(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Büyük, İlker; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiDNA-binding with one finger (DOF) transcription factor family has found to be playing important roles for seed germination, photosynthesis, plant development and stress responses in several plant species. Hence, this study aimed to characterize the DOF genes in common bean at the genome-scale level. The various bioinformatics tools were used and the results were confirmed through bench-work studies. Expression levels of putative PvDOF genes were analyzed using publicly available RNA-seq data and the expression levels of five selected PvDOF genes were further analyzed through qPCR in tolerant cv. ‘Yakutiye’ and sensitive cv. ‘Zulbiye’ subjected to salt stress. As a result, 42 candidate PvDOF genes were defined. The length of PvDOF proteins ranged from 181 (PvDOF-41) to 503 (PvDOF-35) amino acids (aa). pIs of PvDOF proteins were between 5.03 (PvDOF-21) and 8.92 (PvDOF-6) ranging from acidic to alkaline, and the molecular weight of PvDOFs were between 21944.3 Da (PvDOF-14) and 54786.5 Da (PvDOF-35). While the highest number of PvDOFs was found on chromosome 2 (eight genes), the lowest number of PvDOF genes was identified on chromosomes 4 and 7 (one gene). Two segmentally duplicated gene couple were detected. A total of 21 PvDOF genes were targeted by miRNAs of 20 plant species. According to the normalized RPKM (Read Per Kilobase Million) values which were obtained from the RNAseq analysis, PvDOF-6, 8, 9, 17, 27, 28, 30, 35 and 39 genes were found up- or down-regulated after salt stress treatment in the leaf and root tissues of common bean. Additionally, the most of the qPCR data were found to be consistent with the RNAseq data and the PvDOF17 gene was found as being the most expressional divergent gene between cv. ‘Zulbiye and cv. ‘Yakutiye’. In conclusion, the results of this study might help understanding the biological roles of PvDOF TF family under salt stress and can be used for the improving of common bean through biotechnological approaches.Item The palynologıcal traıts of four endemıc sılene l. (caryophyllaceae) specıes ın Turkey(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Çıtak, Burcu Yılmaz; Other; OtherIn the present paper, the pollen morphological traits of 4 endemic Silene species: S. duralii, S. ozyurtii, S. anatolica, and S. salsuginea, were investigated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained data were presented for the first time herein. Monad, isopolar, and spheroidal pollen grains were observed as common characters in all of the examined species. Pollen shapes among the investigated species were spheroidal, and the ornamentations were microechinate-perforate. The highest pore numbers were found in S. salsuginea, while the lowest pore numbers were in S. ozyurtii. The interpore distance was greatest in S. anatolica, while it was least in S. salsuginea. As a result of these detailed examinations, the pore number, interpore distance, shape of the pore and position, and microechinae number are more significant characters for distinguishing the studied species.Item Evaluatıon of threat categorıes of the endemıc plants of Deveci mountaıns (Yozgat-Tokat/Turkey)(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Bingöl, M.Ümit; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiThis study based on the vegetation field survey between April 1993 and October 1997 is done for the purpose of determining the vegetation of Deveci Mountains (Yozgat-Tokat). During the plant vegetation seasons, 1400 plant samples were collected from the research area. 456 taxa and 262 genera to be belonging to 63 families were determined. In the survey area, five different vegetation types coniferous and deciduous forest, scrub, steppe, rocky and wet grassland were present. The threat categories of the endemic species of Deveci Mountains were determined and evaluated according to ‘Red Data Book of Turkish Plants’, which was prepared by using IUCN criteria. A total of 65 plant taxa were determined as endemic (14.25% of all taxa). Highest ratios of endemic taxa were from families Fabaceae (16.92%) and Lamiaceae (16.92%). Phytogeographic regions (Chorotypes) among endemic taxa were listed as Irano-Turanian 35 (53.85%), Eastern Mediterranean 3 (4.62%), Euxine 2 (3.08%), Euro-Siberian 1 (1.54%), while phytogeographic origin of (24 taxa) 36.92% of endemic taxa were Unknown. As endemic taxa and their threat categories are evaluated, 1 (1.54%) species was found to in Endangered, 4 (6.15%) in Vulnerable, 7 (10.77%) in Near Threatened and 53 (81.54%) in Least Concern according to IUCN criteria. When the plant taxa were classified and analysed according to Raunkiaer’s life forms, Hemicryptophytes were determined to be the most common plant taxa (76.92%), Chamaephytes come next (9.23%), is followed by the Therophytes (7.69%), and then come Phanerophytes (4.62%). While Geophytes have the least number of plant taxa with 1 species (1.54%).Item Threat categories of endemic plants of sakarat mountain (Amasya/Turkey)(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Bingöl, M.Ümit; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiThis study aims to determine the threat categories of endemic plants in the vegetation of Sakarat Mountain (Amasya) on the basis of the vegetation field survey in 2004 and 2005 years. Plant samples were collected in their vegetation seasons. According to results, 78 families, 283 genera and 494 taxa are identified. As a result of field surveys, six different vegetation types forest (decidious, mixed coniferous and deciduous), subalpine, steppe, rocky, wet grassland and segetal were determined. 40 plant taxa (8.09% of all taxa) were confirmed as endemic. The families with the highest rate of endemic taxa are Fabaceae (15%) and Lamiaceae (15%). Phytogeographic regions (Chorotypes) among endemic taxa were listed as Irano-Turanian 13 (32.5%), Euro-Siberian 9 (22.5%), Mediterranean 1 (2.5%), while phytogeographic origin of (17 taxa) 42.5% of endemic taxa were Unknown. The threat categories regarding the endemic species were determined and analysed according to “Red Data Book of Turkish Plants” adopted 2001 IUCN criteria. In the evaluation phase of the endemic taxa and their threat categories, it was found that 1 species (2.5%) is in Endangered, 3 species (7.5%) in Near Threatened and 36 species (90%) in Least Concern according to the criteria of 2001 IUCN. When the life forms of plant taxa were analysed, it was determined that Hemicryptophytes have the most number of plant taxa with 82.5%, Therophytes and Geophytes have the less than others 2.5%.Item General overvıew of the studıes wıth maldı-tof(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2019) Kocaman, Evrim; Biyoteknoloji; Biyoteknoloji EnstitüsüIn the 1980s, the discovery of a variety of soft ionization techniques provided the technical basis for the first time mass spectrometric detection and analysis of free, chemically polar, variable biopolymers and their degradation products. In recent years, Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become a well-liked and multifaceted method to perform analyses of macromolecules which is the biological origin. This review provides a general overview of the areas of use of MALDI-TOF MS for biotechnological researches. MALDI-TOF MS is a way that supplies well-directed, affordable, and speedy identification of fungi, viruses, bacteria in clinical microbiological laboratories. Newly, this method has been successfully applied to DNA sequencing (genotyping) as well as mutation screening. Also, this way has the potential to become a conventional method for high throughput genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), both for biotechnology laboratories and for clinical applications. When it is compared with conventional and molecular identification methods, it makes a major contribution to minimizing the mortality rate and hospitalization period of the patients. It is more effective on per sample costs and elapsed time on working.