Cilt:30 Sayı:02 (2021)
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Item EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND SALINITY ON THE GERMINATION OF CLOSELY RELATED THREE SALSOLA TAXA(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2022) Tuğ, Gül Nihal; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiThree closely related Salsola taxa (Salsola boissieri Botsch. subsp. serpentinicola (Freitag & Özhatay) Freitag & Uotila, Salsola boissieri Botsch. subsp. boissieri, Salsola turcica Yıldırımlı (halophytic ecotype), Salsola turcica Yıldırımlı (gypsicole ecotype)) from different edaphic conditions were studied according to changing light and salinity conditions. Seeds of target taxa were collected in 2017 and their weights were determined. The perianth segments were removed before the experimental trials and all the trials were conducted at 9°C/22°C which is the mean night and day temperatures of germination season. For the determination of the influence of light, one set of seeds for distilled water trial were kept at complete darkness. Different NaCl concentrations (distilled water, 100, 200, 300 mM NaCl) were used to evaluate the effects of salinity on germination. Viability of the seeds were determined by Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) test which was applied to the seeds that did not germinate during the trials. As a result, it was found out that light stimulates germination of the taxa and Salsola seeds showed better germination ratio at light. The most tolerant taxa against salinity are the halophytic and gypsicole ecotypes of S. turcica, and the most susceptible one is S. boissieri subsp. serpentinicola. Both of the species show reduced germination ratios with increasing salinity. Salinity tolerance of S. boissieri subsp. serpentinicola and S. boissieri subsp. boissieri are very low, according to the Decreasing Germination Percentage (DGP) values. Although they show different germination response against increasing salinity, there is not any statistically meaningful difference between these three taxa according to germination percentages at different salinities, germination rates, last germination ratios and seed viabilities (F=1.818 p>0.05) (One Way ANOVA, SPSS 25).Item A NEW RARE MACROPHYTE RECORD FROM SW ASIA AND ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AT ITS HABITAT(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2021) Yaprak, Ahmet Emre; Biyoloji; Fen Bilimleri EnstitüsüAldrovanda vesiculosa L. is a cosmopolitan but very rare carnivorous aquatic angiosperm species from the family Droseraceae. The species was widespread and more common few decades ago but unfortunately it is being extinct in so many former distribution areas due to aquatic pollution and eutrophication. During the field trip to Karakuyu Lake we recognized a remarkable free-floating plant, after detailed investigation we identified the specimens as Aldrovanda vesiculosa which is a new record from Turkey and also SW Asia. In this publication, we provided detailed description of the species based on Turkish specimens, its habitat description, water physiochemical attributes, co-occurring macrophyte species list and botanical illustration of the species.Item IN SILICO PROOFS FOR PHLORIDZIN, NARINGENIN, AND CINNAMIC ACID AS ALPHA-AMYLASE ACTIVATORS, WHICH IS IMPORTANT IN INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY OR BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2021) Altuner, Ergin Murat; Other; OtherEnzymes are commonly defined as biological catalysts, regulating particular biochemical reactions. α-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) is one of the industrially important enzymes, which are extensively used in starch hydrolyzing processes, such as brewing, fermentation, detergent production, food processing, etc. This enzyme breaks down α-1,4 glycosidic bonds in amylose or amylopectin. The end products from amylose are maltotriose and maltose. Maltose, glucose, and limit dextrin are formed from amylopectin. There are many studies in the literature regarding the α-amylase inhibitors, which have the potentials of being used in diabetes and obesity. However, there is a very limited number of studies in the literature about the activation of this enzyme, which could be harmful to such diseases. This study aims to support the activation activity of phloridzin, naringenin, and cinnamic acid for α-amylase, which was previously proved experimentally, with some in silico tests.Item HIGHLIGHTING THE MELISSOPALYNOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AYDER-RİZE (TURKEY)(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2021) Özenirler, Çiğdem; Other; OtherThe aim of this research is characterizing the honey produced in Ayder/Rize-Turkey. In this context 20 honey samples were collected from Ayder in 2018. The melissopalynological and physicochemical analysis of the honey samples were done by this research. According to the melissopalynological analysis 40 taxa belong to the 22 plant families were identified as botanical sources of the investigated honey samples. Nine of the investigated samples (sample no 1-9) were evaluated as monofloral and the others as multifloral honeys. As a result of melissopalynological analysis, while pollen belong to the Castanea sativa taxon were found in dominant ratios in some of the investigated samples, the pollen belongs to the Castanea sativa, Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus, Coronilla orientalis taxa were found as secondary in some other honey samples. Total pollen number in 10 gram honey (TPN 10) values of the samples were found between 7 732 and 167 147 by melissopalynological analysis. The first step of the physicochemical analsyis was the moisture analysis and the values found between 15,8% and 18,8% (mean value:7,01±0,98 %). The fructose/glucose analysis were done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the values for fructose found as: 26,43-35,57g/100g (mean: 31,39±2,41 g/100g), glucose values as; 20,11-30,58 g/100g (mean: 26,83±2,16 g/100g). Also fructose/glucose ratio was found as 1,03-1,34 (mean: 1,17±0,10). Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and total phenolic acids analysis were done also by HPLC. The results for HMF analysis is between 0,7- 11,31 ppm (mean: 3,8±2,6 ppm ), for total phenolic acids the value are found between 88,92±0,04 mgGAE/kg - 196,17±0,10 mgGAE/kg (mean: 121,98±0,1 mgGAE/kg). As a step of chemical analysis; the volatile compounds of the honey samples were determined by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The compounds belong to the aldehydes, aliphatic acids and esters, alcohols, hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids and their esters, ketones, terpenes, fatty acids and their esters groups were found as a result of GC-MS analysis. The compounds belong to the carboxylic acids and their esters, fatty acids and their esters identified in higher ratios compare to the other compounds. Since, there is little detailed published information about the quality and properties of Ayder-Rize honey, the current study aims to characterize the honey belong to the this region.Item ACCUMULATION OF CR6+, PB2+ AND CD2+ AND ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ALTER METHYLATION AND GENOMIC DNA STATUS IN RAMALINA FARINACEAE(Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, 2021) Aras, Emine Sümer; Biyoloji; Fen FakültesiIn this study was aimed to determine the genotoxic effect of Ramalina farinacea lichen species against stress sources at the molecular level. After applying three different heavy metals (Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cr6+) to the R. farinacea, the extent to which the lichen sample absorbed these metals was determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. RAPD and MSAP-AFLP assays were also used to determine the status of DNA damage. The heavy metal analysis showed that R. farinacea had high levels of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cr6+ content. According to the results obtained from molecular analyses, band changes were observed against seven primers heavy metal stresses and three primers against UV stress. An increase in Genomic Template Stability (GTS) was determined during the time in R. farinacea treated with all heavy metal concentrations. The effect of UV radiations in R. farinacea revealed the highest polymorphism and the lowest GTS rate depending on the dose. Among all methylation combinations, Type II was found to show altered in R. farinacea in response to Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cr6+ contents and UV radiations. R. farinacea can be used at the molecular level as a biomarker of suitable genotoxic effect. This is the first study to reveal DNA damage against stress sources using a sample of R. farinacea lichen species.