Cilt:27 Sayı:01 (2021)

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    Historic Landscape Characterization in Protected Areas; A Case Study Kazdagı National Park
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Şengür, Şeyma; Nurlu, Engin; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Landscapes, whose characters are the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors, are dynamic. Proper understanding of today’s landscapes is only possible through the knowledge of their historical dimension, in other words, changes that have occurred in time-slices or time-depth. Historic Landscape Characterization (HLC) is an approach to the management and understanding the present historic environment as a product of past changes and as the basis for future change. HLC was applied to Kazdağı National Park which has very important ecosystems in terms of the future of Turkey especially Asia and Europe. In this research, Kazdağı National Park Historic Landscape Character Types were mapped and relevant attributes were assigned them in 127 years of time depth with ArcGIS 10.1 software. HLC which was completed on the computer has been confirmed by field study and ‘Direction of change’, ‘Rarity’, ‘Vulnerability’ analysis was carried out. Finally, the relevant assessments were made in order to contribute protection, management and planning of National Park.
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    Reproductive Characteristics of Chios Ram Lambs During the First Year of Life in Rural Farm Conditions
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Ataç, Funda Erdoğan; Kaymakçı, Mustafa; Ziraat Fakültesi
    This study was conducted to determine some of the reproductive characteristics of young Chios rams. For the purposes of this study, the data was obtained and used from 30 Chios ram lambs born in 2009 between the ages of 90-360 days. The minimum and maximum values of the testicular diameter (cm) and length (cm), scrotal circumference (cm), scrotal length (cm), testicular volume (cm3) of the Chios ram lambs were 1.59-7.30, 3.05-14.23, 12.00-37.50, 7.00-32.00, 17.39-771.44, respectively. Phenotypic correlations between all testis characteristics were found to be statistically significant (P<0.01). The average testosterone hormone in Chios ram lambs was observed to be 7.05 ± 0.31 ng x ml-1. The ejaculate volume, sperm density, progressive motility ratio, immotility ratio, general averages of the ratio of dead spermatozoa and mass movement- consistency of sperm values were examined on sperm of ram lambs at 240, 270, 300 and 330 age of days. Mean values of these traits were obtained as 1.37 mL; 3.95 x 109 mL-1, 82.20 %, 7.07 %, 10.73 % and 4.40-4.09, respectively. Moreover, progressive motility, the effect of live weight and age in other sperm characteristics was found statistically nonsignificant (P>0.05). The testicular diameter and volume, scrotal circumference and scrotal length enlarged related with positively the rate of the sperm motility. As a result, estimating the rate of live spermatozoa of the ram lambs by taking morphological measurements at an early age can be useful. Therefore, this information was vulnerable in indirect selection programs.
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    Evaluation of some groundwater quality parameters using geostatistics in the urban coastal aquifer of Bosaso plain, Somalia
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Said, Abdullahi Ali; Yurtal, Recep; Çetin, Mahmut; Gölpınar, Muhammet Said; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Groundwater is a major drinking water resource in arid coastal regions. The groundwater quality of Bosaso city experienced degradation due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. This study was carried out to delineate the spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters and evaluate groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation uses. The groundwater samples were collected from Bosaso Plain to determine the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and sodium and chloride concentrations. To categorize water quality for irrigation purposes, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was calculated. Ordinary kriging procedure was performed in order to map the spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters. The interpretation of laboratory analysis results revealed that the most of groundwater wells in the study area is unsafe for drinking purposes due to high salinity, except for the central area (Biyo Kulule). In terms of irrigation uses, the minor area may be under the risk of alkalinity or sodium hazard. However, all groundwater supply points are not suitable for irrigation due to the salinization risk and can be only used to irrigate high salt-tolerant crops. The final maps show that the groundwater quality decreases from southeast to the north of the plain. This indicates that the groundwater is probably subjected to the seawater intrusion. In this regard, the implementation of a groundwater monitoring program is necessary to achieve concrete results. Nevertheless, the most suitable groundwater quality is found to be at the central part of the Bosaso plain.
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    A Study on Milk Compositions of Hair Goat and Saanen x Hair Goat Crossbreed (F1) under Semi-Intensive Conditions
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Çak, Bahattin; Yılmaz, Orhan; Ocak, Elvan; Demirel, Ahmet Fatih; Ziraat Fakültesi
    This study was carried out to evaluate compositions of milk from Hair goat and Saanen x Hair goat crossbreed (F1) under semi-intensive conditions. The research was conducted on 20 Hair goats and 20 Saanen x Hair goat crossbreed (F1) at Farm for Research and Application of Van Yuzuncu Yil University in Turkey. All the experimental goats were 3 years old and were raised under semi-intensive conditions. In the current study, the average fat, non-fat solid, protein, lactose, total solids, lactic acid, pH values of Hair and crossbreed goat milks were 3.98%, 3.80%; 9.54%, 9.24%; 3.59%, 3.48%; 5.24%, 5.08%; 13.51%, 13.04%; 0.24%, 0.25%; 6.62, 6.64, respectively. Lactation stage had a significant influence (P<0.05; P<0.001) on milk fat, non-fat solid, protein, lactose, total solids contents and lactic acid value in Hair and crossbreed goats' milk. Also, genotype had a significant influence (P<0.001) on non-fat solid, protein, lactose and total solids contents of the milk. In conclusion, Hair goats and crossbreed goats produce milk with a variable milk fat, non-fat solid, protein, lactose, total solids contents at the different stages of lactation. The mean values of milk non-fat solid, protein, lactose and total solids in Hair goats' milk were higher than those of crossbreed goats. Also, milk fat content, lactic acid and pH values in Hair and crossbreed goats' milk were similar.
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    The Effect of Maize (Zea mays L.) / Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Intercropping and Biofertilizer (Azotobacter) on Yield, Leaf Area Index and Land Equivalent Ratio
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Ünay, Aydın; Sabancı, İbrahim; Çınar, Volkan Mehmet; Ziraat Fakültesi
    This study was conducted to determine the effects of the different intercropping design of maize/soybean compared with sole cropping, in combination with Vitormone (biofertilizer; Azotobacter) during 2012 and 2013. There were four different intercropping designs were used in the experiment: i) sole maize and soybean, ii) 1 maize + 1 soybean in alternate rows, iii) 1 maize + 2 soybeans in alternate rows and iv) 1 maize + 2 soybeans in intra rows under control with the Vitormone application. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The results showed that the seed/grain yields and the Leaf area index of sole soybean and sole maize outperformed the intercropping. The highest yields for both maize (8.0 t ha-1) and soybean (3.26 t ha-1) and land equivalent ratio (1.26) were recorded at 1 maize + 2 soybeans in alternate rows among the intercropping. The effect of Vitormone was significantly positive for all cropping system except 1 maize + 1 soybean in alternate rows. This suggests that 1 maize + 2 soybeans in alternate rows can intercrop and combine with the Vitormone. The intercropping of cereal/legume has the potential to improve the utilization of resources in monocropped lands.
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    Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Fails Barcoding of the Genus Neotinea Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae)
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Hürkan, Kaan; Taşkın, Kemal Melih; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) is one of the most used barcoding regions for the molecular phylogenetics and barcoding of orchids. Our aim in this study is to test the reliability of ITS on barcoding of closely related Neotinea spp., including Neotinea tridentata, Neotinea ustulata subsp. ustulata and Neotinea ustulata subsp. aestivalis, by comparing it to the accD-psaI intergenic spacer of the plastid DNA. Both ITS and accD-psaI regions were amplified by specific primer sets and sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were regenerated by using Maximum Parsimony approach. The results showed that ITS separated some N. tridentata samples of Turkish, Greek, Hungarian and Croatian samples from the others on the phylogenetic trees due to the incomplete lineage sorting. In contrast to ITS, the accD-psaI marker could successfully separate N. tridentata and N. ustulata samples according to a priori species classification. Our findings refer to a hybridisation story between some N. tridentata and N. ustulata. We propose not to use ITS sequences directly as a barcode and to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Neotinea group. Instead, the inclusion of other nuclear regions such as LFY, ADH, etc., or utilisation of whole genome sequencing could give better barcoding results.
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    Investigation of Alkaloids in Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Varieties and Hybrids
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Yazıcı, Levent; Yılmaz, Güngör; Ziraat Fakültesi
    This study aimed to investigate the proportions of morphine, thebaine, noscapine, codeine, oripavine and papaverine alkaloids in poppy varieties and hybrids. Nine parents and 36 hybrid lines were used in the trial. The trial was carried out in 2016 and 2017 in four replications according to the Randomized Block Trial Design. According to the average results of the two years, in parent and hybrid combinations, morphine was found to vary between 0.42% and 1.66%, thebaine between 0.01% and 0.53%, noscapine between 0.01% and 0.31%, codeine between 0.03% and 0.17%, oripavine between 0.00% and 0.12% and papaverine between 0.00% and 0.10%. In the study, Ofis NM x Ofis 1, Ofis 1 x TMO T, Ofis 2 x TMO T, Ofis NM x Ofis 1, Ofis NM x TMO T hybrid combinations were identified as superior hybrids compared to the others.
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    Effect of Production System and Slaughter age on Some Meat Quality and Digestive Tract Traits of Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Sarıca, Musa; Yamak, Umut Sami; Boz, Mehmet Akif; Uçar, Ahmet; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Male and female mixed 200 pheasants were reared in intensive and outdoor conditions to assess the meat quality and some digestive tract traits. Color, pH, cooking loss, water holding capacity and drip loss were determined as meat quality traits. Production system did not have significant effect on most of meat quality traits. Conversely, most of these traits were affected by slaughter age. Water holding capacity significantly decreased but cooking loss increased by slaughter age. Total digestive system weight rate to body weight was decreased by slaughter age but did not differ between production systems. Small and large intestine lengths were significantly longer in indoor system and significantly decreased by slaughter age.
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    Vigour Assessment of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) Seed Lots in Relation to Predicting Seedling Emergence Potential
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Özden, Eren; Memis, Nurcan; Kenanoğlu, Burcu Begüm; Demir, İbrahim; Ziraat Fakültesi
    The study aimed to test various vigour tests to correlate them with seedling emergence in two field sowing dates and two different sowing depths in controlled room emergence of ten dill seed lots. Mean germination time, accelerated aging; for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours, electrical conductivity readings at 16 hours and 24 hours, and EC readings after AA test were used as vigour tests, and results were correlated with seedling emergence percentages. Seedling emergence was tested in two sowing dates in the field and two different sowing depths in controlled room conditions. Controlled room seedling emergence values (80-95% in 2 cm, 76-92% in 4 cm) were higher than those of field emergence values (67-85% in the first sowing and 60-80% in the second sowing). Most of the vigour tests were significantly correlated with emergence potential. The highest correlation values were observed in EC16h and EC24h tests, significance between emergence and these two vigour tests were at P<0.001 three out of four sowings. The results indicated that EC16h can be a fast, practical and easy method of seed vigour discrimination in dill seed lots.
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    Assessment of Agricultural Sustainability in Sarikum Lake Basin, Sinop Province, Turkey
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Beşen, Tuba; Olhan, Emine; Ziraat Fakültesi
    The sustainability of agriculture in social, economic and environmental dimensions is important in terms of development policies. In this study, agricultural sustainability has been evaluated in social, economic and environmental dimensions. Twenty-one indicators were used and each dimension had 7 indicators. The research was carried out in Sarıkum Lake Basin of Sinop province in Turkey. The information obtained by face-to-face surveys with the farmers and the related statistics were used as data. The index method was used in the evaluation of these data. As a result, agricultural sustainability in the basin was found 13.95% in the environmental dimension, 9.64% in the economic dimension and 16.62% in the social dimension. The agricultural sustainability in Sarikum Lake Basin was determined as 40.21%. As a result of the study, in order to achieve economic sustainability it is necessary to increase the agricultural income, the ratio of irrigated land and the number of agricultural holdings with sufficient income. In order to ensure social sustainability, it is necessary to establish conditions to prevent migration and to ensure that farmers are satisfied with farming. In order to achieve environmental sustainability, it is necessary to increase the amount of protected area and to reduce wild animal damage.
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    Meta-Learning-Based Prediction of Different Corn Cultivars from Color Feature Extraction
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Beyaz, Abdullah; Gerdan, Dilara; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Image analysis techniques are developing as applicable to the approaches of quantitative analysis, which is aimed to determine cultivar grains. Additionally, corn (Zea mays) grain processing companies evaluate the quality of kernels to determine the price of these cultivars. Because of this reason, in the study, a computer image analysis technique was applied on three corn cultivars. These were Zea mays L. indentata, Zea mays L. saccharata and a hybrid corn (Yellow sweet corn). These cultivars are commercially important as dry grains in Turkey. In the study, the grain color values were tested in the cultivars from Turkey’s collection. One hundred samples were used for each corn cultivar, and 300 corn grains in total were used for evaluations. Each of nine color parameters (Rmin, Rmean, Rmax, Gmin, Gmean, Gmax, Bmin, Bmean, Bmax) which were obtained from original RGB color channels with maximum and minimum values was evaluated from the digital images of three different corn cultivar grains. The values were analyzed with the help of the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Decision Tree (DT), Gradient Boost Decision Tree (GBDT) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms by using the Knime Analytics Platform. The majority voting method was applied to MLP and DT for prediction fusion. All algorithms were run with a 10-fold cross-validation method. The success of prediction accuracy was found as 99% for RF and GBDT, 97.66% for MLP, 96.66% DT and 97.40% for Majority Voting (MAVL). The MAVL method increased the accuracy of DT while decreasing the accuracy of MLP partly for the fusion of MLP and DT.
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    Relationship Between Resistance Against Neonicotinoids and Esterase Enzyme for Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera:Aphididae) Populations in South of Turkey
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Özdemir, Selin Nur; Salman, Sibel Yorulmaz; Ziraat Fakültesi
    In this study, the development of imidacloprid and acetamiprid resistance in Myzus persicae populations and the relationship between neonicotinoid resistance and esterase enzyme were investigated in seven Myzus persicae populations which is collected from greenhouse pepper production areas in 2018. In order to determine the resistance ratios of aphid populations against the insecticides, 1 control and 6 doses were used. Each insecticide dose was used in 3 replicates and 25 adult female individuals were used in each replication. For imidacloprid, the highest and the lowest resistance ratios were found to be 6.88 and 3.19-fold, in K-4 and D populations, respectively. For acetamiprid, the highest and the lowest resistance ratios were found to be 7.35 and 2.72-fold, in K-1 and E-2 populations, respectively. Also, highest and lowest esterase activities were found to be 2.60 and 1.75 mOD min-1 mg-1 in K-4 and E-2 populations, respectively. According to the results of this study, imidacloprid and acetamiprid resistance determined in some Myzus persicae populations may be related to esterase enzyme. However, detailed studies are required to establish a clear relationship between resistance and enzyme.
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    Aphid Species, Their Natural Enemies in Vegetables from Erzincan, Turkey: First Record of the Parasitoid Wasp Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) parasitizing Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)*
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Alaserhat, İsmail; Canbay, Adnan; Özdemir, Işıl; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Aphid species, their parasitoids and predators on vegetables (bean, cucumber, eggplant, melon, okra, pepper, pumpkin, tomato and watermelon) grown in Erzincan province, Turkey were determined. Surveys were carried out at weekly intervals from the seedling period until the end of the harvest period in Central and Üzümlü districts of Erzincan province in 2014-2016. 30-40 plants were randomly selected in the surveys and all parts of plants were investigated with a magnifier. Ten aphid, seventeen predator and seven parasitoids species were found. According to results, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was first recorded as a host of Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) (Aphelinidae: Aphelininae) in the world. In addition, parasitism rates of aphids were also established. The mean parasitism rate changed between 17.5% in 2015 and 4.39% in 2016. The relationship between parasitism rate, total parasitized aphid number and total aphid number were found. According to the analysis result, there was a very weak or a high positive correlation (r= 0.126-0.721) between total aphid number and total parasitized (mummified) aphid number, and not a correlation existed between parasitism rate and total aphid number as for years.
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    Investigating the Effect of Long-Term Sugarcane Cultivation on Some Soil Properties of Soils in Karoun Agro-industry Unit, Khuzestan Province, Iran
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) SADEGHİ, Masoud; MOEZZİ, Abdolamir; GHOLAMİ, Ali; BABAEİNEJAD, Teimour; PANAHPOUR, Ebrahim; Ziraat Fakültesi
    The principal aim of the present research was investigation of the effect of long-term sugarcane cultivation on some chemical and physical properties of soil in Karoun Agro-industry Unit in Shoushtar city, Iran. The study was conducted in a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with two field factors at 8 levels and three depths in three replications. Soil samples were collected and some of their physical (e.g., bulk density) and chemical (e.g., pH, EC, soil available phosphorus, organic carbon, soluble sodium and available potassium) Features9 were measured. Results revealed that land use change and long-term sugarcane cultivation reduced electrical conductivity, the amount of soluble sodium and available potassium contents of soil in different depths, while caused increasing the percentage of organic matter and available soil phosphorous. However, at similar experimental conditions, no significant changes were observed in soil pH. The soil bulk density contents in farms under continuous cultivation of sugarcane, was more than the control field and HARZA. Moreover, soil exchangeable potassium was identified as a sensitive indicator of long-term sugarcane cultivation.
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    Brachytydeus armindae (Momen & Lundqvist, 2005); a new tydeid record (Acari : Prostigmata), with a revised key to Brachtydeus Thor species of Turkey
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2021-03-04) Çobanoğlu, Sultan; Yeşilayer, Ayşe; Öğreten, Ayhan; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Tydeoidea species (Acari: Prostigmata) are little and soft-bodied creatures and globally distributed. In the world, Tydeidae comprises 328 species in 30 genera, and Brachytydeus has the most number of species with 200. Tydeoidea presented by 23 species while Brachytydeus comprises eight species, gathered in orchards and shrub trees in Turkey. Brachytydeus armindae (Momen & Lundqvist 2005) (Acari: Tydeidae), found in association with Thuja orientalis L. (Cupressaceae) trees and stored wheat, is reported as a new species of tydeid fauna of Turkey. Distribution and host details of B. armindae are provided along with descriptive photos and illustrations. An updated key to Brachytydeus Thor species is given.