Cilt:26 Sayı:01 (2020)

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https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12575/75009

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Alleviation of Toxic Effects of Untreated Wastewater on Selective Vegetables Using Soil Organic Amendments
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) KHAN, Muhammad İmran; MALİK, Zaffar; ABBASİ, Ghulam Hassan; CHEEMA, Sardar Alam; Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi
In this work, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic amendments in alleviation of toxicity of untreated domestic wastewater to okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and purslane (Portulaca oleracea). Three organic amendments including farm yard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and bagasse ash (BGA) at the rate of 1% and 3% were applied to the soil to evaluate their positive impact on vegetable plants. Results showed that untreated wastewater impeded the growth of both vegetables and increased uptake of heavy metals (HMs) (i.e. Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) by plants whereas organic amendments significantly improved the growth of plants and decreased the uptake of HMs. Shoot and root lengths and dry weights of plants were boosted by the FYM and PM, while chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids were enhanced by PM and BGA amendments. Interestingly, reduced HMs uptake was found where 3% of BGA or FYM were applied. Overall the results of this study showed that all three organic amendments were useful for improving growth of vegetables and alleviating the phytotoxicity of untreated wastewater and uptake of HMs by plants. Our findings suggest that these organic materials could be useful for improving agricultural productivity in untreated wastewater irrigated areas.
Antibacterial Effect of Bacteriocinogenic Enterococci from Different Sources on Listeria monocytogenes
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) TURHAN, Emel Ünal; ERGİNKAYA, Zerrin; TÜREMİŞ, Alin Bayram; TERKURAN, Mevhibe; Ziraat Fakültesi
In this study, antimicrobial activity of partially purified enterocins and crude bacteriocins from Enterococcus isolates with different sources was investigated against Listeria monocytogenes by disk diffusion assay. Totally 70% of enterococcal isolates (Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from food and clinical sources) were found as potential bacteriocinogenic strains. Both of food and clinical enterococcal isolates also exhibited antimicrobial properties against L. monocytogenes. Additionally, the present study detected that inhibitory activity was strain-specific. Both crude bacteriocins and partially purified enterocins from E. faecium isolates showed lower antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes than E.faecalis isolates. The inhibition diameters obtained withcrude enterocins and partially purified enterocins were respectively ranging from 12.33 mm to 13.25 mm and from 8.66 mm to 9.25 mm. Crude bacteriocins retained antibacterial activity after heat treatment except 120 oC and also remained functional at pH values between 3 and 11. Asa result, it was considered that enterocins could be benefit in heated and acidic or basic food products as biopreservative.
Assessment of Soil Quality Index for Tea Cultivated Soils in Ortaçay Micro Catchment in Black Sea Region
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) Dengiz, Orhan; İç, Serkan; Saygın, Fikret; İmamoğlu, Ali; Ziraat Fakültesi
The objective of this research was to determine soil quality by taking into consideration the integrated Soil Quality Index (SQIw) model on tea plantations located in Ortaçay Micro Catchment of Rize. In the SQIw model, soil indicators were weighted by means of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Various indicator units were normalized by a Standard Scoring Function. A total of 22 soil quality indicators were included in the SQIw model by grouping into 4 criteria which are; i-soil physical properties, ii- soil chemical properties, iii-macronutrient elements, iv- micronutrient elements. Twenty eight soil samples were collected from tea cultivated gardens including dominantly Leptosol and Alisol-Acrisol great soil groups based on FAO/WRB classification. The results indicated that 25% of the soil samples studied had weak quality level, whereas 75% were in moderate SQIw class in terms of tea requirements of the soil quality.
Assessment of the Seedling Resistance of Spring Wheat Lines to Fusarium culmorum
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) GEBREMARİAM, Elfinesh S; KARAKAYA, Aziz; ERGİNBAS-ORAKCİ, Gul; DABABAT, Abdelfettah A; PAULİTZ, Timothy C; Ziraat Fakültesi
Wheat diseases are one of the constraints limiting wheat yields wherever the crop is grown. Fusarium crown rot, incited by Fusarium culmorum, is one of the most important diseases limiting wheat yields especially in dryland areas. Although there are no wheat varieties which are fully resistant to crown rot, the use of varieties showing some degree of resistance is the most reliable and cost effective method to control this disease. In this study, seedling reactions of 165 spring wheat breeding lines (Triticum aestivum L.) obtained from CIMMYT, Mexico were determined under growth room conditions using an aggressive isolate of Fusarium culmorum. Crown rot severity was assessed using a 1-5 scale. The mean disease severity scores for the lines tested ranged from 1.4 to 4.4. Two out of the 165 lines tested (lines 147 and 158) were resistant (R) in their reaction and had scores of 1.4. Twenty lines showed moderately resistant (MR) reaction and had scores ranging from 1.6 to 2.4. The scores of both the R and MR lines were not significantly different from scores of MR control cultivars. Sixty-three percent of the lines were moderately susceptible (MS). Out of the 165 lines tested, 39 were susceptible (S) in their reaction. The promising wheat lines that showed some degree of resistance to Fusarium culmorum in the present study can serve as useful sources of genetic resistance in breeding for Fusarium crown rot.
Comparative Biochemical Analysis of High and Low Sucrose Accumulating Sugarcane Varieties at Formative Stage under Heat Stress
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) MEHDİ, Faisal; ALİ, Kazim; HUMA, Nesheman; HUSSAİN, İqbal; AZHAR, Abid; Galani, Saddia; Ziraat Fakültesi
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L) is a valuable cash crop which plays an imperative role in the worldwide economy. However, high temperature has significantly retarded the crop growth and yield by alteration of biochemical pathways. Therefore, the biochemical activities of two sugarcane varieties were explored under heat stress condition. The sugarcane cultivars S2003-US-633 (high sucrose accumulation) and SPF-238 (low sucrose accumulation) were cultivated and subjected to different temperature regimes i.e. control at 30±2 °C, heat stress at 45±2 °C and recovery at 30±2 °C for 24, 48 and 72 hours at formative stage. Detailed profiling of physiochemical attributes, sugar analysis linked with sucrose metabolism enzymes and thermotolerance indicators were investigated. S2003-US-633 exhibited better response in terms of sugar accumulation regulated by sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and invertase activities along with more proline accumulation, total soluble protein contents with response to high temperature exposure. While S2003-US-633 is ranked as tolerant variety due to less MDA, H2O2 content and electrolytes leakage exhibiting its efficient tolerance mechanism, giving high sugar recovery rate despite harsh environmental conditions. Thus, these findings can be helpful in providing information for engineering sugar improvement along with thermotolerance in sugarcane varieties and providing new avenues towards the economic development of the country.
Comparison of Bread Wheat Genotypes for Leaf Rust Resistance Genes
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) Başer, İsmet; Ziraat Fakültesi
Leaf rust caused by Pucinia recondita tritici is one of the most important diseases of bread wheat worldwide. It is considered that the most environmentally sound; low cost method of controlling leaf rust is to breed and grow genetically resistant wheat varieties. In the research, twenty-four bread wheat varieties grown intensively were used as genetic material in Trakya Region where the North-West Part of Turkey. To create artificial leaf rust epidemic in field conditions, two sensitive varieties (Morrocco and Cumhuriyet 75) was sown after each ten genotypes, and the reactions of the varieties to leaf rust were investigated in field conditions. Isogenic lines carrying the genes Lr9, Lr14, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr47 from CIMMYT were used as control genotypes in molecular analysis. In the field conditions, although Pehlivan, Selimiye, Sagittario, Tina, Anapo, Montchill and Saraybosna were the most sensitive genotypes, Nota, Kate A1, Prostor and Sana were the most resistant bread wheat varieties to leaf rust. It was determined that Sana, Pehlivan, Golia, Falmura 85, Saroz 95, Renan, Sirena, Kate A1, Selimiye, Bezostoja 1, Saraybosna, Nina and Tina varieties have Lr9 gene with SSR analysis. It has been observed that all bread wheat varieties carry Lr14, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr47 (except Krasunia, Aldane and Gelibolu varieties) genes. It is revealed that Lr9 and Lr47 genes should be taken into consideration in the studies to be performed in the region and these genes will be useful to examine together with a larger number of leaf rust genes for more successful results in breeding studies.
Influence of Toposequence on Physical and Mineralogical Properties of Soils Developed on Basaltic Parent Material under Sub-humid Terrestrial Ecosystem
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) Tunçay, Tülay; Dengiz, Orhan; İmamoğlu, Ali; Ziraat Fakültesi
Understanding of soil forming factors is crucial to define physical, mineralogical and morphological properties of soils. In addition to that soil formations were highly associated with slope positions which have influence on pedogenetic and weathering process of the soils. Because, topography or relief affects how water and other material are added to and removed from soils. The aim of this study is to enhance our understanding of the role toposequence in controlling chemical weathering, influence on physical and mineralogical properties in soils developed on basaltic parent material under sub-humid terrestrial ecosystem in Black Sea region of Turkey using geochemical and mineralogical data obtained from X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope analysis. For this purpose, four representative profiles formed on different topographic positions of transect were investigated and designated according to Soil Survey Staff (2014)/IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) classification systems. The results clearly showed that topography strongly affects soil physical, mineralogical and morphological characteristics either directly or indirectly in the local region even soils formed on the same parent material with the same climatic condition. This case was also explained with chemical weathering indices (Chemical Index of Alteration and Chemical Index of Weathering) in this study.
Insecticidal Efficacy and Repellency of Trans-Anethole Against Four Stored-Product Insect Pests
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) Alkan, Mustafa; Ertürk, Sait; Ziraat Fakültesi
In this study, it was investigated that repellency and insecticidal efficacy of trans-anethole of botanical origin on major stored product on pests species, namely Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Repellency effect was evaluated by choice test in petri dishes, while the mortality effect was examined by exposure to wheat treated at different concentrations, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 μL trans anethole. In efficacy tests, after 72 hours exposure, the highest adult mortality was found on T. castaneum with a 60% mortality, while other test species showed no significant mortality. On the other hand, repellency tests revealed varying degree of repellency depending on the application dose of trans-anethole. It was determined that S. granarius belongs to repellent class III, while all of the other species fall under repellent class IV. F1 progeny decreased as trans-anethole concentration increased, and in this context 8 μL of trans-anethole is proved to be the optimal concentration causing maximum decrease in progeny production. Among the insect species tested, T. confusum was found to be the most sensitive to trans-anethole with 100% decrease in F1 progeny production. Our results indicate that trans-anethole can be used as a potential repellent for the control of major stored grain pests. Additionally, trans-anethole, by its contact efficacy, might be considered as a grain protectant against S. granarius, S. oryzae, T. confusum and T. castaneum.
Intermittent Microwave Drying of Apple Slices: Drying Kinetics, Modeling, Rehydration Ratio and Effective Moisture Diffusivity
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) İzli, Nazmi; Polat, Ahmet; Ziraat Fakültesi
In this research, thin layer drying characteristics, rehydration ratio and effective moisture diffusivity of apple were investigated using microwave dryer which has intermittent and continuous modes. Drying time varied between 25 and 215 minutes and they declined with the rise in microwave power and reduction in pulsing ratio. In an attempt to pick the optimum thin layer models for the drying applications, 8 mathematical models suited to the experimental results. On the grounds of the statistical tests evaluation, Midilli et al model which represent drying characteristics are optimally suited than other models. The highest rehydration ratio was recorded for the samples dried at 100W continuous mode and the lowest ratio at 300W continuous application. Effective moisture diffusivity values were computed by the 2nd law of Fick and changing between 3.04x10-9 and 2.53x10-8 m2 s-1. Consequently, the intermittent microwave method could be used as a favorable drying method for obtaining high-quality fruit slices or processing valuable material and continuous microwave drying can be taken as another drying approach for apple samples.
Members’ Willingness to Invest Capital in the Agricultural Producer Unions: A Case of Samsun Province in Turkey
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) TOPUZ, Bakiye Kılıç; Ziraat Fakültesi
The research aimed to reveal the members’ willingness to invest capital in the Agricultural Producer Union (APU) and the factors influencing their decisions. The main data of the study obtained through the surveys from 420 members of the APU. Members’ willingness to invest capital in their unions and effective factors were determined using the Contingent Valuation Method and the Random Effects Tobit model, respectively. The research revealed that 44% of the union members were willing to make an average contribution of 355 TL to their unions. Random Effects Tobit model results revealed that member's trust, membership fee, participation in trainings, memberships of livestock union, apple and beekeeping, export crops through the union, attending the general assembly, level of education and agricultural experience positively affected the willingness to invest capital, while membership of the organic hazelnut and vegetables union, gender, management experience, age and total income negative affected the willingness to invest capital. In order to increase members’ willingness to invest capital to their unions, members’ trusts and participations in the training activities and administration of the unions should be increased.
Meta-analysis of the Effects of Salinity Stress on Cotton (Gossypium spp.) Growth and Yield in Iran
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) PAKNEJAD, Farzad; RAZAJİ, Azadeh; MOAREFİ, Maryam; DAMGHANİ, Abdolmajid Mahdavi; ILKAEE, Mohammad Nabi; Ziraat Fakültesi
Research on the impact of inputs has a long history in the country; however, because of the dispersion and diversity in the results of various experiments, it is difficult to achieve a general conclusion. In this study, a meta-analysis approach has been used to overcome this problem in order to achieve a single result by integrating and re-analyzing the findings of independent experiments. For this purpose, scientific articles published by researchers of the country regarding the effect of salinity stress on cotton yield were investigated. Articles were selected so that, in their meta-analysis of data required to perform there. The data necessary for the implementation of the meta-analysis is present in them. The results of this study showed that from 1996 to 2017; 15 papers and thesis were published on the effects of salinity stress on yield, early maturing and number of bolls in upland cotton (Gossypiumhirsutum L.). With increasing salinity stress, yield and number of bolls decreased. The standardized values for salinity stress effect on cotton yield were significant in all five treatments (control via salinity, control via 2-3 dS m-1, control via 4-5 dS m-1, control via 6-7 dS m-1, control via 8-9 dS m-1) compared to control (P<0.001). The standardized values of the effect of salt stress on cotton aging were significant in all five treatments compared to control. The standardized values of the effect of salt stress on cotton aging were significant in all five treatments compared to control. Results showed increasing salinity stress can cause early maturing in cotton. The standardized values for the effect of salinity stress on number of bolls per cotton plant, in the comparison of the total treatments of salinity stress, 2-3 dS m-1, 6-7 dS m-1 and 8-9 dS m-1 were significant compared tocontrol (P<0.001). In general, the results of this study showedthat salinity stress can reduce yield of cotton by reducing thenumber of bolls and also can cause early maturing on cotton.
The Genetic Characterization of DGAT1 Gene in Donkey Populations Reared in Thrace Region of Turkey
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) ÖZDİL, Fulya; Ziraat Fakültesi
AcylCoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene has a considerable effect on milk content and yield in cattle with a substitution of lysine by alanine in the exon 8 of the gene. Moreover there are many other researches comprising the DGAT1 gene on different farm animals, such as buffalo, sheep and goat but there is no information about the DGAT1 gene in donkeys. In this study, the polymorphism of DGAT1 gene in donkey populations reared in Thrace region of Turkey has been investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) via EaeI (CfrI) restriction enzyme. EaeI restriction site was found in cattle breeds which resulted after K232A substitution, Lysine (AAG) to Alanine (GCG) variant but this restriction site was not found in donkey populations. A novel single-nucleotide polymorphism (GA substitution) in the DGAT1 gene at position 10,435 lacks this restriction site which results only Alanine variant (GCA) instead of Lysine variant. This novel single-nucleotide polymorphism in the DGAT1 gene was found in the studied donkey breeds.
The Impact of Livestock Supports on Production and Income of the Beef Cattle Farms: A Case of Samsun Province, Turkey
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) Eroğlu, Nevra Alhas; Bozoğlu, Mehmet; Bilgiç, Abdülbaki; Ziraat Fakültesi
Although the beef cattle sector has been considerably supported during the last two decades, Turkey could not get its self-sufficiency yet. The objective of this case study was to examine the impacts of livestock supports on production and income of beef cattle farms. The survey data was collected from randomly selected 171 cattle farms in Samsun province of Turkey. The Treatment Effect Model was used to measure the impacts of livestock supports on beef meat production and gross profit of the farms. The results indicate that the farmers, who have larger land and herd, higher education level, keeping farm records, are mechanized and specialized in beef cattle breeding were more likely to benefit from livestock supports than their counterparts. The Treatment Effect Model highlights that livestock support has a statistically significant effect on the amount of beef meat produced whereas it has no statistically significant effect on the gross profits of the farms. The research recommended that the livestock supports are necessary for the sustainability of beef cattle farms. The farms should be encouraged to get records via Farm Accountancy Data Network and the record keeping farms should be supported by higher amounts.
The Relationships Between Propolis Collecting Capability and Morphometric Features of Some Honey Bee Races and Ecotypes in Anatolia
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-05) Kekeçoğlu, Meral; Eroğlu, Nazife; Kambur, Merve; Uçak, Münir; Ziraat Fakültesi
Propolis collecting capacity of the honey bee race, Apis mellifera L., distributed across Anatolia and Thrace regions of Turkey was investigated and correlated with morphometric characteristics. Thus, the propolis collecting behaviour of honey bee races and ecotypes naturally have been in Turkey, Apis mellifera caucasica, Apis mellifera carnica, Apis mellifera syriaca and Yığılca and Muğla ecotype of Apis mellifera anatoliaca were monitored. The mean yield of annual propolis was recorded as the following; Yığılca ecotype (111.6±27.5 g colony) A. m. caucasica (104±20.7 g colony), Muğla ecotype (103±34 g colony), A. m. carnica (91.16±17.6 g colony), and A. m. syriaca (74±6.4 g colony) in descending order. The highest propolis collecting activity was recorded for the Yığılca ecotype of A. m. anatoliaca and A. m. caucasica. Morphological features of honey bee samples were evaluated by classic morphometric technique to correlate propolis collecting capability and morphological features. Morphometric results of the present study showed that the largest wing and leg lengths belonged to Yığılca ecotype of A. m. anatoliaca and A. m. caucasica. Furthermore, Pearson correlation showed a significant relationship between some morphometric characteristics including the proboscis and mandibular sections, wing length (WL), wing width (WW), femur length (FL), tibia length (TL), basitarsus length (BL), basitarsus width (BW), and propolis collecting capability (P<0.05). Therefore, it seems that the enlargement of certain morphological properties with genetic tendency of the honey bee races and ecotypes, primarily the legs and wings, can lead to better propolis collecting capability.

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