Cilt:23 Sayı:04 (2017)

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https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12575/74877

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Browsing Cilt:23 Sayı:04 (2017) by Issue Date

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    In Vitro Symbiotic Culture Studies of Some Orchid Species
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017-01-01) Çığ, Arzu; Ziraat Fakültesi
    In this study, protocorm and shoot formation abilities of the seeds of Dactylorhiza iberica (Bieb. ex Willd.) Soó, Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. and Kir.) Nevski and Orchis palustris Jacquin species in binucleic Rhizoctonia and Rhizoctonia solani isolates in vitro, which are used as symbiotic culture medium and isolated from the tubers of these plants, and in oat medium (OM) and modified oat medium (MOM) are examined. The shortest time for protocorm and shoot development of D. umbrosa sowed in oat media are determined as 42.67 and 66 days, respectively. The highest protocorm development rate and the least darkening protocorm percentage are observed as 60 % (OM) and 2.99 % (MOM) in D. umbrosa species. The maximum percentage of shoots obtained from protocorms is observed as 35.04 % in D. iberica species developed in OM. All data were obtained that the inoculation of binucleic Rhizoctonia sp. in the nutrient mediums.
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    Gene Action and Useful Heterosis in Interspesific Cotton Crosses (Gossypium hirsutum L. x Gossypium barbadense L.)
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017-01-01) Çoban, Mehmet; Ünal, Aydın; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Conducted the breeding researches with interspecific cotton crosses are aimed to obtain genotypes have desired fiber characteristics like Gossypium barbadense L. and have high yields potential like Gossypium hirsutum L.. In this study, gene action and useful heterosis were investigated for fiber quality and yield traits in interspecific cotton crosses. The 12 F1’s and their parents were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications at the Nazilli Cotton Research Institute’s fields during 2011 and 2012 cotton growing season. Claudia, Candia, Sahin 2000, BA 308, Naz 07 and Fantom (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were used as a female parents and Giza 45 and Avesto (Gossypium barbadense L.) used as a male parents. Non-additive gene effects for yields, fiber strength and fiber length were greater than additive gene effects. The useful heterosis were positively significant for fiber strength and fiber length. Candia x Giza 45 hybrid was promising hybrid for all observed characters.
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    Probiotic Shelf-life, Mineral Contents and Others Properties of Probiotic Yoghurts Supplemented with Corn Flour
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017-01-18) Yangılar, Filiz; Çakmakcı, Songül; Ziraat Fakültesi
    It was aimed in the present study to determine the mineral content, probiotic, sensory, physical and chemical characteristics of probiotic yoghurt-PC (only probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus DSMZ 20079 strains with direct vat set starter culture) obtained with the addition of organic corn flour (CF) at different concentrations during a 21-day storage period. It was found in the study that all probiotic yoghurt formulations with CF gave high L. acidophilus viabilities between 6.89 and 7.87 log cfu/g during the storage and CF addition did not affect the viability of the probiotic bacteria. The viscosity and dry matter content increased in CF added samples with increasing CF concentrations. Syneresis in PC yogurt sample was found to be significantly higher than that in other samples. The greater the CF supplementation (5%) the lower the syneresis on the 21st day of storage. The CF+PC (5%) sample was determined to be a better source of Ca, Mg, P and Fe than the Control and PC yoghurts. The sensory property of yoghurt involving PC decreased significantly with 5% CF. 2.5% CF+PC was the highest-scored sample.
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    Some Technological and Functional Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Hardaliye
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017-01-18) Arıcı, Muhammed; Coşkun, Fatma; Çelikyurt, Gülnaz; Mirik, Mustafa; Gülcü, Mehmet; Tokatlı, Nazan; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Hardaliye is a lactic acid fermented beverage produced from red grape or grape juice with addition of crushed mustard seeds and benzoic acid and can be found in the Thrace region of Turkey. The aims of this study were to determine the dominant species of lactic acid bacteria in hardaliye and to investigate their technological and probiotic properties and potential use as starter culture in the production of Hardaliye. For this aim lactic acid bacteria were isolated from total 28 hardaliye samples (23 hardaliye samples collected from different regions of the Kirklareli in Turkey and 5 hardaliye samples produced with the traditional methods in laboratory conditions) and identified. After carrying out conventional and molecular biological methods, it was found that all species of lactic acid bacteria belonged to genus Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus plantarum was the dominant species in the microbiota. ~98% of the isolates were similar to each other. Therefore, diversity of effective lactic acid bacteria during the fermentation is very low. Given the antimicrobial effects and acid production capabilities of lactic acid bacteria, isolates have potential as starter cultures for use in hardaliye production.
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    Gamma rays and EMS induced Flower Color Mutation in Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus Linn.)
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017-01-18) Ramezani, Pegah; Siavoshi, Morteza; More, Anil D; Ebrahimi, Mahboubeh; Ziraat Fakültesi
    To induce flower color mutants in Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus Linn.) variety “Pusa-24“, the fresh seeds were exposed to 4 different doses of gamma radiation as physical mutagens (100, 200, 300 and 400 Gy) and treated with 4 different concentration of Ethyl Methanesulphonate as chemical mutagen (5, 10, 15 and 20 mM ) and also combination of both mutagens. Due to mutagenesis broad range of flower color mutants in M2, M3 and M4 were obtained. Various unique and different flower color mutations like pink, purple, white and yellow detected against blue which is natural color in control progenies. Maximum flower color frequency was recorded in EMS treated seeds (20 mM) in 4th generation and lowest mutation frequency in 2nd generation was obtained in gamma rays (100 Gy) treated seeds. The results showed more flower color mutations happened in more dose /concentration of mutagens in every generation
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    Determination of the Body Condition Score and Its Relationship with Milk Yield in Turkish Holstein Cows
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017-01-18) Galiç, Aşkın; Ziraat Fakültesi
    It is quite important to keep the condition of cows under surveillance due to conduct of nutritional programs in dairy herds as well as genetic relations with other traits. This study was conducted to estimate the heritability of body condition score (BCS) and genetic correlation with milk yield of Holstein cows. Also, the effects of herd, lactation period and calving age on BCS were investigated. For this aim, body conditions of 1001 cows were scored using the scale of 1-9. The average BCS was determined as 5.52±0.04 and were ranged from 4.54 to 6.58 at different periods of lactation. Results showed that body conditions were affected by the lactation period significantly, while the effects of herd and calving age on BCS were not significant. Estimate of heritability of BCS was 0.20, while the genetic correlation of BCS with milk yield was moderately negative (−0.41) indicating that high-producing cows tend to be leaner. The relationships with other traits currently used to improve type and fertility of animals need to be investigated before including BCS in the selection index of the Turkish Holstein breed.
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    Determination of Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy of Hypericum perforatum L. Accessions Collected From Western Turkey
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017-01-18) Tuna, Gülsemin Savaş; Duyu, Gözde; Uzun, Kardelen; Yücel, Gülru; Tuna, Metin; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Hypericum perforatum L. (St John’s Wort) is a medicinal plant that produces pharmaceutically important compounds with antidepressive, anticancer and antiviral activities. H. perforatum is a facultative apomictic species as it has the ability to reproduce with multiple reproduction mechanisms affecting genetic structure and chemical composition of the plants. The objective of this study was to determine nuclear DNA content and ploidy of H. perforatum L. plants growing naturally in the flora of Turkey. The seeds of 39 Hypericum perforatum L. accessions collected from 23 different locations in Turkey were used in the study. Nuclear DNA content of three different seedlings for each of the 39 H. perforatum accessions was determined using flow cytometry. Based on the results of flow cytometric analysis, nuclear DNA content of the accessions varied between 0.8 - 2.57 pg2C-1. Nuclear DNA content differences observed among H. perforatum accessions were statistically significant (P< 0.01) and the Duncan test revealed that the accessions formed three clearly distinguishable main groups. Mean nuclear DNA contents of each group were 0.80 pg2C-1, 1.58 pg2C-1 (1.36-1.73 pg2C-1) and 2.38 pg2C-1 (2.15-2.57 pg2C-1). Ploidy levels were determined by correlating nuclear DNA content of accessions with the number of their mitotic chromosomes by counting chromosome number of one plant from each group. Findings suggest that H. perforatum accessions used in this study had the following three different ploidy levels: diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid. The percentage of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid accessions was 2.2, 86.4 and 11.4% respectively.
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    Effects of Different Quality Roughage Supply on Performance of Holstein Calves during Preweaning Period
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017-01-18) Kaliber, Mahmut; Ülger, İsmail; Beyzi, Selma Büyükkılıç; Konca, Yusuf; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Bu çalışmada, Holstein buzağılarda sütten kesim öncesi dönemde iki farklı kalitedeki kaba yem kullanımının (kıyılmış halde kuru yonca otu ve buğday sapı) büyüme, gelişme, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla toplam 30 baş erkek ve dişi Holstein buzağı cinsiyet ve doğum ağırlıkları göz önünde bulundurularak her birinde 15 baş olmak üzere 2 deneme grubuna dağıtılmıştır. Birinci muamele grubunun% 80 oranında buzağı başlangıç yemi ve kaliteli kaba yem kaynağı olarak %20 oranında 1-2 cm uzunluğundaki kıyılmış yonca kuru otu, ikinci muamele grubunun ise % 80 oranında buzağı başlangıç yemi ve düşük kaliteli kaba yem kaynağı olarak % 20 oranında 1-2 cm uzunluğundaki kuru buğday sapı kullanılarak hazırlanan toplam yem karışımını (TMR) 8 haftalık sütle besleme periyodu boyunca tüketmeleri sağlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, buzağıların sütten kesim öncesi dönemde buzağı başlangıç yeminin yanında kaliteli kaba yemler ile beslenmesinin yem tüketimini azalttığı (P<0.05) ancak buna rağmen 8 haftalık süt ile besleme programı sonunda sütten kesim ağırlıklarını ve iskelet gelişimlerini etkilemediği (P>0.05) tespit edilmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle, buzağıların performanslarının etkilenmeden daha az yem ile sütten kesilmelerine olanak sağlaması ayrıca yem çevirim kabiliyetlerini artırması (P<0.05) gibi faydaları göz önünde bulundurularak sütten kesim öncesi dönemde buzağıların kesif yeme ek olarak kaliteli kaba yemler ile beslenmesinin ekonomik faktörlerin de göz önünde bulundurulması koşuluyla uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.
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    Agro-Morphological Variation Among an Ancient World Barley Collection
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017-01-18) Karagöz, Alptekin; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Historically barley has been a very important crop in agriculture system of Turkey as it is now. Barley breeding and collecting activities started at the beginning of 20th century in Turkey. During that time huge amount of material piled up at the seed banks and collections of plant breeding institutions through collecting missions and material exchange. We characterized around 3.500 barley accessions of Eskisehir Transition Zone Agricultural Research Institute. Characterized populations have been obtained from 44 countries (Asia 14, Europe 19, Americas 6, Africa 4 and Australia) of 5 continents and two international agricultural research institutes since 1950’s up to date. We are presenting only the result of 2.517 two row barley accessions with this paper. Results of the study reveal a series of phenotypic similarities and differences between the materials of several countries. Results also show the existence of a significant amount of diversity between the populations which can be used as a source for breeding programs.
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    Farklı Paketleme Yöntemlerinin Tirsi (Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1838) Marinatlarındaki Mikrobiyolojik ve Biyojenik Amin Değişimlerine Etkisi
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017-01-18) Erdem, Mehmet Emin; Koral, Serkan; Işıdan, Sedef; Ziraat Fakültesi
    Bu çalışmada, marine edildikten sonra farklı şekillerde paketlenip 4±1°C’de muhafaza edilen tirsi (Alosa immaculata, Bennett, 1838) filetolarında biyojenik aminlerin ve mikrobiyolojik değişimlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Marine örneklerde mikrobiyolojik kriter olarak toplam aerob mezofilik bakteri, toplam psikrofil bakteri, maya-küf, koliformve toplam histamin üreten bakteri sayıları ve türleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bakterilerin moleküler ve biyokimyasal identifikasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Depolama sonunda salamura, yağda ve vakum paketlenen marine tirside histamin miktarı sırasıyla 2.19, 2.09 and 2.41 ppm (mg kg-1), TAMB sayıları; 2.49, 2.75 ve 2.68 log kob g-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Histamin üreten bakterilerin sayıları 7 aylık depolama boyunca saptanabilir düzeyin altında kalmıştır. Histamin üreten bakterilerden Pantoea agglomerans, Shewanella baltica, Brevundimonas diminuta, Pseudomonas putida, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus tanımlanmıştır, salamura ve yağda paketlenen marine tirsinin biyojenik aminlerden histamin ve mikrobiyolojik kriterler açısından 7 ay, vakum paketlenen marine tirsinin ise 6 ay 4±1°C’de depolanabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
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    Determination of green forage and silage protein degradability of some pea (Pisum sativum L.) + oat (Avena sativa L.) mixtures grown in Serbia
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2017-01-18) Blagojević, Milomir; Đorđević, Nenad; D, Bora; Marković, Jordan; Vasić, Tanja; Milenković, Jamina; Petrović, Mirjana; Ziraat Fakültesi
    This research was conducted to detrmine the effect of seeed rates in mixtures of Pea + Oat on the green forage and silage proein fractions by Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). Experiment was established in autumn in 2012, on October the 20th and plant samples were taken in spring 2013 at forming the first pods on 2/3 plants of Pea at Institute for forage crops, Kruševac, R Serbia, using five different mixture rates of Pea and Oat crops (100% Pea + 0% Oat; 0% Pea + 100% Oat; 25% Pea + 75% Oat; 50% Pea + 50% Oat and 75% Pea + 25% Oat). Pea:Oat mixtures were treated with bacterial inoculant and ensiled in anaerobic jars for 45 days. Green forages and silage samples were analysed for DM (Dry Matter), CP (Crude Protein), primary protein fractions – TP (True Protein), NPN (Non Protein Nitrogen), IP (Insoluble Protein), SolP (Soluble Protein), NDICP (Neutral Detergent Insoluble Crude Protein) and ADICP (Acid Detergent Insoluble Crude Protein) and protein fractions by CNCPS. An analysis of variance found statistically significant differences among mixture rates for all variables, except IP and SolP. Silage from monoculture Pea had the highest NPN (696.2 g kg-1 CP) and SolP (713.8 g kg-1 CP), followed by the mixture of Pea with Oat 75:25 (662.5 and 653.4 g kg-1 CP, respectively). On analyzing the CNCPS protein fractions of Pea:Oat silages, it was found that silage from Pea monoculture contained the highest PA fraction and that PA fraction increased with increasing Pea ratios in silages, which was direct reflection of their high NPN and SolP in green forages and in silages. Becouse of those facts 25:50 and 50:50 Pea:Oat mixtures silages could be recomended for ruminant nutrition. Bacterial inoculant evaluated can increase the TP content, as well as PB1 and PB3 fractions.