Browsing by Author "Aykut, Altan"

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    İlya İlf ve Yevgeni Petrov'un edebi kişilikleri ve Altın Buzağı romanı
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2009) Aksüt, Lada; Aykut, Altan; Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatı
    Within this study we tried to analyze the novel ?The Little Golden Calf? which was written collectively by Ilya Ilf (1897 ? 1937) and Yevgeniy Petrov (1903 ? 1942). Ilf and Petrov are two of the most attractive writers of Russian Literature. In the beginning years of forming days of Soviet System (1920-1930), they created a lot of productions. There has been a great influence of Western Literature for them when their creativity of literature was forming up. Moreover, they had been also seriously affected from important writers of Russian Literature, fore mostly from N.V. Gogol and A.P. Chekhov.Ilf and Petrov, whose original jobs were journalists, wrote a lot of articles, stories and two novels during their ten years study starting from 1927. Most known studies of them are the novels ?Twelve Chairs? (1928) and ?The Little Golden Calf? (1931). Ilf and Petrov were patriotic and humanistic writers who believed the correctness and truthfulness of Soviet System. Nevertheless, they also wrote the missing and disrupted parts of Soviet System which they determined, with very high skill in their novels. The novel of ?The Golden Calf? in which they criticized the disrupted and exaggerated methods of Soviet System, is still an important study even today. In this novel they have reflected a real social-politic section of Soviet Russia in the period of their life. ?The Golden Calf? includes a lot of information about the most important events of the period, like ?bureaucracy?, ?bourgeoisie?, ?world of arts and publication?, ?intellectual circumstances? and ?the public?. The main character of the novel, ?Ostap Bender? was presented to the Russian Life as an opportunist man who can survive and continue his dealings in all conditions.?The Little Golden Calf? was written as a satirical type of novel. Unlike previously written satirical type of novels, it has an optimistic and cheerful way of narration. The writers with high mastery mentioned the disrupted sides of Soviet system without having the negative reactions of the Government.This novel of Ilf and Petrov which was translated in a lot of languages is known internationally. The novel of ?The Little Golden Calf? which is bringing the different sides of Soviet Life to today, with rarely encountering style of Ilf and Petrov, is still drawing attention of today?s researchers.
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    L.N. Tolstoy'un 'Anna Karenina' romanı ile H. Z. Uşaklıgil'in 'Kırık Hayatlar' ve Aşk-ı Memnu' romanlarında 'evlilik' temasının karşılaştırılması
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2001) Çelik, Reyhan; Aykut, Altan; Rus Dili ve Edebiyatı
    The thesis is a comparative study. The theme of marriage in L.N. Tolstoy's "Anna Karenina" and the late nineteenth century Turkish novelist Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil's novels "Kink Hayatlar" and "Aşk-ı Memnu" has been compared and contrasted. The research that has been carried out has revealed that Tolstoy considers marital institution to be sacred. His female characters are the ones who try to keep the institution firm. The Russian novelist points out and strongly asserts that the members of the upper class of Saint Petersburg and Moscow do not consider fidelity and love in marriage to be virtues. Tolstoy tries to emphasize that the aristocracy consider inconsistent passions to be more important than virtues. In "Kink Hayatlar", Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil depicts how marriage survives thanks to the patient and affectionate attitude of the female characters. He, an the other hand, reveals how marriage ends in catastrophe because of a female character. Furthermore, he claims in "Kink Hayatlar" that marriages with a problem right at the beginning will have no end. Both novelists share the view that love is one of the requirements for the survival of marriage and that it is the woman who can contribute to the continuation of this institution. Anna in "Anna Karenina" and Bihter in "Aşk-ı Memnu" the examples of two ill-mannered figures. On the other hand, Vedide of "Kırık Hayatlar" and Darya and Kiti of Anna Karenina are portrayed as figures whose ways of life are to be taken as models. Consequently, both novalists try to emphasize the importance of marriage in society though they belong to different classes.
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    L.N. Tolstoy'un 'Diriliş' ve R.N. Güntekin'in 'Dudaktan Kalbe' romanlarının karşılaştırılması
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 1996) Kaşoğlu, Ayla; Aykut, Altan; Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatı
    Hie comparison of the novels "Resurrection" by Lev Nikolayeviç Tolstoy and "From Lips to Hearth" by Reşat Nuri Güntekin The subject of this thesis is a comparison of 'Resurrection" a novel by the 19th century Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy (1828-1910) with 'Dudaktan Kalbe" (From Lips to Hearth) by Republican period Turkish writer Reşat Nuri Güntekin (1889-1956). Beginning at the midst of the 18th century, certain discrepancies got apparent between the social and cultural charecteristics of the urban class, striving for assimilating itself to the European aristocracy, bourgouisie and the Russian peasantry, which keeps itself unchanged with respect to its life standarts and traditions. Though brought up in an aristocratic environment, Tolstoy has been a good observer of this gap between these two classes and reflects it successfully in his novels. Güntekin, on the other hand, narrates the moral values which underwent a change after 'Meşrutiyet" differences between the urban population and the peasantry, and the conflicts that shape the society. Because of this, both writers, drawing a lively portrait of the social environmet in their novels, demostrate the real sides, thoughts, agonies, joys and difficulties of the societies in which they live. Tolstoy uses the main character of the novel, Nehludov, to tell his own ideas on various intitutions of the society and to make his comments and critics. Though there are various writers who reflect in their novels the change of the Turkish society that had undergone sufferings similar to that of the Russian society, most of them prefer Istanbul and its hinterland as the setting for their stories. Giintekin, on the other hand, who has had an opportunity to see not only Istanbul but Anatolia as well, as a consequence of his profession, can reflect the lives of the province people as they really are. In 'From Lips to Hearth", Giintekin like Tolstoy, uses the main character of the novel, H-Kenan to express his own social ideas and critics. The main characters of both novels, prefer to present themselves in conformity with social expectations and values instead of manifesting their real personalities in order to gain respect and avoid social isolation. Consequently, they both suffer from internal conflicts. While the protogonist of 'Resurrection", Nehludov surrenders to religion for relieving his pain, H.Kenan of 'From Lips to Hearth" chooses death. Bot novels manifest a similarity with respect to their subjects, plots and especially to the description and evaluation of the characters. The common message of both novels is the necessity of considering mutual love, understanding and tolerance as the main principles of life and mentioning the vital role played by moral virtues like goodness and integrity in the life of all human beings and existence. Since the struggles of these characters show the falseness and the lacks of the social rules of their times, which are still valid, I believe that my work is of great significance. 212
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    Mihail Afanasyeviç Bulgakov 'un 'Usta ve Margarita' romanında anlatım sanatı
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2001) Kaşoğlu, Ayla; Aykut, Altan; Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatı
    The novel "The Master and Margarita", on which Mihail Afanaseviç Bulgakov (1891-1940) -one of the 20th century Russian authors- worked from 1928 till the last days of his life, is a double novel. The historical lines including Jerusalem of two thousand years ago and voyages out and in Moscow of the thirties during which unbelievable events have been realized, were being threated like the elegance of a touch of cloth. The Master who gave his name to the novel writes a novel about a Roman knight Pontius Pilatus (Pontiy Pilat). He brings the novel with his beloved Margarita to the chief editor of a Literary Review, but the chief editor is not interested in the novel because they have materials in hand for two years to be published. The Master becomes very upset, and sets handwritten manuscripts on fire in the stove. İyeşua, a character in the novel of the Master, is made to see the Governor Pilat because he is said to have provoked the people and demolished the temple. In the end, even the Governor Pilat cannot prevent him from being crucified. On the other hand, strange things happen on the fifth flat of an apartment 302 in the Sadovaya Street of Moscow. Some people living in this flat are either missing or kidnapped. Different stories those people and the flat are made up. The guilty for all is said to be a professor of magic, called Voland who came to Moscow in the near past together with his friends. Voland being identified with the devil bring back the novel at the end of the novel.Proving his extraordinary talent, Bulgakov in his novel "The Master and Margarita" gives to the Reader the message that the struggle between the individual and society may be removed completely through a good communication.
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    Rus bılinalarının şiirsel dil özellikleri
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2009) Uluoğlu, Suzan; Aykut, Altan; Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatı
    In the beginning of the 19th century, ?bylinas?, one of the most significant verbal genres of Russian Folk Literarure, came forward; consequently, the publication of Kirsha Danilov?s all works in 1804, the first compilation of bylina, appealed to the academic community. Studies on bylinas were first initiated then and have continued until today.Obviously ? in the 19th century - bylinas reside in the minds of Russian people. Initiated in the 19th century and continued until the 20th century, efforts on compilation of bylinas resulted in the acquisition of much of bylina material in different regions, especially in the north of Russia. Profound study of the aforementioned material proved the presence of many basic problems covering bylinas; for instance, troubles experienced regarding the ?place? where and the ?date? when bylinas came forward according to their propagation throughout Russia, the roots of bylinas and their being speciefied as a literary genre, can be referenced.Bylinas have a unique structure of composition, involving their own heroes and building subjects of great diversity. Peculiar to bylinas? language, fine articulation implemented in bylinas is composed of repetition of prepositions, combination of words of the same root, combination of synonyms, common places, conventional epithet, comparisons, negative parallelisms, tropes such as metophore, metonymy, synecdoche and irony. Study of bylinas regarding the poetic language thereof is very important in terms of the Russian language?s nature. Thus, definition and settlemet of general problems, facing the determination of the place of bylinas within the Russian linguistic system can be achieved.
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    Rusçada fiilli deyimlerin yapısal, anlamsal ve dilbilgisel özellikleri
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2009) Uluoğlu, Murat; Aykut, Altan; Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatı
    ?Phraseology? initiated by Vinogradov in Russia continues to improve today. Many a study on phraseology has been transacted thus many an on opinion has risen. Nonetheless, linguists couldn?t find an answer to what an idiom is. Vinogradov?s theories have been enlarged by linguists; ergo, the attitude, supporting that an idiom is a combination of all reproducible phrases, formulated. Regarding this theory; phraseology studies proverbs, winged words, scientific-terminological phrases and certain formal phrases.In Russian, verbal idioms are specially studied during idiomatic studies. Verbal idioms in Russian build structural models, dissimilar to one another regarding number of components and order of components structuring the combination. Verbal idioms, the leading parts of idiomatic system in Russian, own a diversified content grammatically and semantically. Many verbal idioms undertake the function of ?predicate? in a sentence. Changes of types of ?aspect?, ?person?, ?time?, ?mood?, ?voice?, peculiar to verbs, are employed in verbal idioms; nonetheless, grammatical change of verbal idioms are limited in comparison to that of verbs of free form. Idiomatic meaning?s unique structure imposes a limitation on the chance of grammatical change of idioms.Idioms? semantic characteristics are similar to those of words of free form. Idioms interact with each other regarding synonymy, homonimia, antonymy and polysemantic. Components of idioms, including verbal idioms, may vary without the semantic uniformity of the idiom being deteriorated. Semantic and grammatical characterictics of idioms are interlinked to one another. The meaning of evaluation plays a paramount role in determination of types of grammatical changes of verbal idioms.
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    Teffi'nin (N.A.Buçinskaya) öykü sanatı
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2009) Öksüz, Gamze; Aykut, Altan; Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatı
    The life and works of Nadezhda Alexandrovna Buchinskaya (Teffi) (1872-1952) is the subject of our thesis. She was the first and the most famous humorist writer of the 20th century. The goal of our work is to introduce to the Turkish readers the author`s life and the variety of her skillfully written stories, which were famous not only in Russia in the period before the Revolution in 1917, but also in emigration in France in 1920 and other countries where the Russian people had migrated.Well educated Teffi was frequent in the society of artists and literary people since her childhood. Teffi started her creative works with poems gradually proceeding then to short stories, satirical articles, reminiscences, critiques and feuilletons. Before the October Revolution in 1917 in Russia the author mostly was famous for her poems, weekly feuilletons in the newspapers and satirical articles regularly published in the well-known comic magazine of that time ?Satirikon?. Teffi`s popularity and adoration by the people of all societies was so great that even sweets and perfumes were called after her name. The author as many of her friends ? men of light and leading had enthusiastically welcomed the February Revolution in 1917 but the events in October produced inability to adapt to the drastic changes occurred after that, so Teffi and her literary friends had to move to Istanbul. After a short stay there she went to France planning to come back to Russia but never was able to do that and had been living abroad for 32 years. Though Teffi spent half of her life in Paris she hardly felt home-sickness during all her life.All the motifs and humoristic elements describing the hardships of society in Teffi`s early works are mixed with melancholy and nostalgia due to emigration. She was able to observe the things in a manner the other humorists of that time could never do. She had a talent to feel the psychological state of the individual and the attitude to the trivial situations of everyday life expressing deep tenderness and sympathy towards the characters of her stories. All works of the author are closely interwoven with satire and sadness.The way Teffi describes everyday occurrences, attitude to events and arising contradictions is her distinctive feature that makes her works unforgettable. She does not offer to change individual features of a person, does not hurt characters` feelings or despise them with her humour. She has a great power just to make delicate observations and appreciate how much these features or situations are ironical or grievous.Literary language of the writer is plain and brief enough, unique and full of life. The secret of being so adored is in natural, heartfelt and true style of Teffi`s work. Readers can recognize their own features, situations in her stories, cry or laugh at themselves.Writings of Teffi were not published during period of Soviet rule. This highly gifted writer became famous after her creative works had been studied in 1990 not only as peerless story writer but as a satirist, critic, newspaper satirist and poetess, too.
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    Türkiye’de rus dili ve edebiyatı çalışmaları :rus edebiyatından çeviriler (1884-1940) ve rusça öğrenimi (1883-2006)
    (2006) Aykut, Altan
    Makalenin birinci bölümünde, Rus edebiyatından Türkçe’ye çevrilen ilk yapıt olduğu kabul edilen Griboyedov’un Akıldan Belâ (Gore ot uma) (1824) oyunundan başlayarak, 1884-1940 yılları arasında ülkemizde yayımlanan manzum ve düzyazı çeviriler konu edilmektedir. Puşkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoyevski, Tolstoy, Çehov ve Gorki gibi Rus klasiklerinden yapılan çeviriler incelenmektedir. İkinci bölümde, ülkemizde 1883-2006 yılları arasındaki Rusça öğretimiyle ilgili çalışmalar konu edilmiştir. The first part of this article covers the Russian prose and poetry translated into Turkish between 1884-1940, including Griboyedov's play Woe from Wit (Gore ot uma) (1824), the first literary work translated from Russian into Turkish. Translations of the works of classic Russian writers such as Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy, Chehov and Gorky are also investigated. The subject of the second part of this paper is the teaching of Russian and Russian literature between 1883-2006.
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    V. F. Odoyevski ve öyküleri
    (Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 1995) Günel, Zeynep; Aykut, Altan; Rus Dili ve Edebiyatı