Cilt:67 Sayı:02 (2020)
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Item The role of micronutrients in high-yielding dairy ruminants: Choline and vitamin E(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) PINOTTI, Luciano; MANONI, Michele; FUMAGALLI, Francesca; ROVERE, Nicoletta; TRETOLA, Marco; BALDI, Antonella; Veteriner FakültesiThis review addresses the potential role of antioxidants and methyl-group sources in optimising the metabolic health of dairy ruminants. The productivity of high-yielding dairy cows has increased over the past 40 years and the milk yield has doubled. Such increases in milk production have been observed not only in dairy cows but also to some extent in other dairy ruminants such as ewes, goats and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). As a consequence, in all specialized dairy ruminants it is essential to optimize the macro and micro-nutrient supply, especially during the most critical period in the animals' production cycle i.e. from parturition until the peak of lactation. In this critical phase, an array of factors can enhance the balance between the intake and demand for nutrients, although the availability and supply of the selected micronutrients is also important. The supplementation of dietary antioxidants or boosting the endogenous methyl group status, via vitamin E, selenium and choline are proposed as possible strategies in maintaining stable metabolic health and optimising milk production.Item The first case of Bovicola (Werneckiella) ocellatus (Piaget, 1880) (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Trichodectidae) on a donkey (Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758) in Turkey(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Dik, Bilal; Erdem, İpek; Zerek, Aykut; Karagöz, Mustafa; Yaman, Mehmet; Veteriner FakültesiIn the clinical examination of a donkey, which brought to the Ownerless Animal Care and Rehabilitation Center of the Hatay Metropolitan Municipality due to neglecting and senility, local hair losses, ruffling and opacity were observed. A few louse specimens were detected on the hair shafts on the back of the donkey during the macroscopic examination. They were collected with a forceps, and preserved in a tube with alcohol 70%. Then they examined in detail in microscope, and identified as Bovicola ocellatus (Piaget, 1880). The presence of B. ocellatus on donkey has been reported for the first time in Turkey in this paper.Item PCR detection of Mycobacterium genavense DNA in fecal samples of caged birds(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Babacan, Orkun; Baş, Bülent; Sareyyüpoğlu, Barış; Veteriner FakültesiIn this study, pathogenic mycobacteria were investigated in fecal samples of caged birds by PCR. A total of 47 feces samples collected from 4 different aviaries in Ankara. DNA extraction from fecal samples was performed with a commercial kit using spin column technology. PCR was performed with designed primers respectively amplifying 274 base pairs (bp), 128 bp, 102 bp and 219 bp nucleotide sequences of specific genes (16SrRNA, ISI245, IS901 and hypothetical 21kDa protein gene) of Mycobacterium spp., Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium avium subsp. Avium and Mycobacterium genavense, respectively. Five samples were positive and harbored the sequence for the Mycobacterium spp., of 4 of these 5 samples was identified as M. genavense by PCR. As a conclusion of this study, which is the first announcement of the detection of M. genavense DNA in fecal samples of caged birds in Turkey, PCR was seen to be a rapid, sensitive, and a reliable method in detection of avian mycobacteriosis.Item Insulin-like growth factor-1 gene expression in the endometrium of repeat breeder cows after the administration of presynch-10 and ovsynch protocol(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Ağaoğlu, Ali Reha; Ağaoğlu, Özgecan Korkmaz; Sidekli, Özge; Kocamüftüoğlu, Mesih; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using presynch-10 and ovsynch synchronization protocols on endometrial expression and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) that thought to play roles during endometrial healing process in cows diagnosed with repeat breeder syndrome (RBS) and subclinical endometritis (SE). A total of 40 Holstein-Friesian cows identified as having RBS and SE were used. The animals in Group 1 (G1, n=20) were applied presynch-10 and ovsynch furthermore, biopsy and blood samples were collected both before and after administration. Biopsy and blood samples were taken from the animals in Group 2 (G2, n=20) without performing any synchronization. The IGF-1 gene expression profiles were determined in all samples using RT-qPCR. Even though the level of IGF-1 expression increased in samples taken after synchronization in G1, it was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in serum IGF-1 levels between G1 and G2 (P>0.05). In conclusion, the expression of the IGF-1 gene in the endometrial tissue of RBS cows with SE was identified, but the evidence suggests that the synchronization protocols in question had no significant effect on the gene expression profile being investigated.Item The effects of fumaric and malic acids on the in vitro true digestibility of some alternative feedstuffs for ruminants(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Genç, Buğra; Salman, Mustafa; Bölükbaş, Bora; Kaya, İsmail; Açıcı, Mustafa; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of the addition of different amounts of fumaric acid (FA) and malic acid (MA) to the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust, acacia), Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel), Quercus cerris (oak), and Camellia sinensis (tea factory wastes, TFW), to improve their value as alternative feeds for ruminants. The parameters examined were the in vitro true digestibility of feed (IVTDAs fed), dry matter (IVTDDM), organic matter (IVTDOM), neutral detergent fiber (IVTDNDF) and count of protozoans. The digestibility experiments were performed with a DAISY incubator system. Organic acids were not added in the control group and 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.3% FA or MA were added to the experimental groups. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Samples were incubated for 48 hours. Fumaric acid significantly reduced (P<0.01) all digestibility values of R. pseudoacacia leaves. When FA was applied at 0.1% to C. sinensis factory wastes, the IVTDOM increased significantly (P <0.05), with the same effect observed for Q. cerris (P<0.01). However, for the addition of 0.1% FA, IVTDAs Fed, IVTDDM and IVTDNDF values decreased significantly (P<0.01). Separately, malic acid did not have a significant effect on the in vitro true digestibility values determined in this study (P>0.05). Rumen protozoan counts decreased for both organic acid applications compared to counts in the fresh rumen contents. Because 0.1% fumaric acid increased the IVTDOM values of both C. sinensis factory wastes and Q. cerris leaves they can be considered potential alternative feed sources for ruminants.Item Influence of different water access status of suckling calves on performance, water intake behavior and some blood metabolites(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) ZAREİ, Mohsen; SEIFDAVATI, Jamal; GHORBANİ, Gholam Reza; BENEMAR, Hossein Abdi; SHARİFİ, Reza Seyed; KARİMİ, Abdolhamid; Veteriner FakültesiThis study was conducted to determine the effects of water accessibility of pre-weaning calves during milk feeding meal on performance, water intake behavior and some blood metabolites. Forty-eight Holstein calves (39.2 ± 5.8 kg of BW) were assigned to 4 treatments, which consisted of different water accessibility: 1) Ad libitum water (AW), 2) Water not available (WNA), 3) Water available after milk feeding (WAM) and 4) Water available before milk feeding (WBM). Resulted showed different water accessibility changed water consumption of calves. The water intake of AW (1.03 kg/d) and WBM (1.07 kg/d) treatments were higher than others. Starter intake of WBM decreased (P<0.05) as compared with others. Calves of WBM had higher (P<0.05) activity of serum AST. Blood Cl and K did not show the difference (P<0.05) among treatments. Serum TAC levels were higher (P<0.05) in WNA and WAM calves. Serum protein and HDL in WNA calves were higher (P<0.05) than others. These groups had higher (P<0.05) serum Na concentration than others. The different water accessibility of calves had no significant effects on health score, respiratory, fecal score and growth parameters. Treatments did not affect behaviors parameters. But the number of visiting water bucket of AW and WBM were higher than other groups. Acetic acid and propionic acid of AW calves significantly increased (P<0.05) as versus other treatments. Drinking water around milk feeding meal change water consumption, performance and improve some blood metabolites and rumen parameters of calves but did not influence growth parameters.Item First molecular data on the validity of Myxobolus ichkeulensis (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) from Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae) in Turkish waters(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Bölükbaş, Cenk Soner; Pekmezci, Gökmen Zafer; Yardımcı, Banu; Veteriner FakültesiTo date, there is no report on molecular characterisation of Myxobolus ichkeulensis in Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae) in Turkish marine waters. The aim of the current research was to provide the first molecular data on M. ichkeulensis from M. cephalus in Turkish Black Sea coasts. A total of 40 M. cephalus specimens were examined for the presence of M. ichkeulensis in the Turkish Black Sea coasts during January 2017 and April 2017. In the present study, M. ichkeulensis was identified based upon the myxospore morphology, host and tissue specificity, and SSU rRNA sequence. Phylogenetic analysis using neighbor-joining also revealed that our isolate (#GZP-2018-Samsun1) was clustered with other Myxobolus species that infect M. cephalus. The current study includes the morphological and histopathological descriptions and first molecular data on M. ichkeulensis in M. cephalus in Turkish marine waters. M. ichkeulensis was also reported from the M. cephalus in the coast of the Black Sea in Turkey for the first time. Moreover, our current genetic data was recorded as the new valid SSU rRNA sequence (MH374629) for M. ichkeulensis in the GenBank database.Item Three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction and morphometric analysis of skull in gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa)(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Yılmaz, Bestami; Demircioğlu, İsmail; Bozkaya, Faruk; İnce, Nazan Gezen; Veteriner FakültesiThis study was carried out to determine the osteometric features of the skull by using three dimensional computed tomography images in gazelles (Gazelle subgutturosa). In the study, nine skull samples of adult gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa) were used. Images of the skull sections of 0.625 mm thickness were acquired by using a computer tomography device with 64 detectors applying 80 kV, 200 mA and 639 mGY. Three-dimensional images of the skull samples were reconstructed and morphometric measurements (39 linear, 1 volumetric and 1 surface area) were performed by using the software program MIMICS 12.1. Mean skull volumes in males and females were found to be 115.74±2.43 cm3 and 87.69±1.09 cm3 while the mean skull surface areas in males and females were 79.62±8.56 cm2 and 77.34±1.18 cm2, respectively. Significant differences between males and females for median frontal length (MFL), frontal length (FRL), upper neurocranium length (UNCL), greatest length of the lacrimal bone (GLLB), oral palatal length (OPL), length of the upper molar row (LUMR) and the greatest neurocranium breadth (GNCB) were observed. The difference in the cranial index between males and females was statistically significant (P<0.01). The data obtained in this study will contribute to detect differences between the gazelles and other species with respect to skull morphometry.Item Knowledge and attitudes in food safety and the occurrence of indicator bacteria on hands of food handlers at the point of pastrami sale(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Yıldırım, Yeliz; Onmaz, Nurhan Ertaş; Gönülalan, Zafer; Hızlısoy, Harun; Al, Serhat; Karadal, Funda; Kum, Erhan; Akçay, Aytaç; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim this study was to evaluate food safety knowledge and attitudes of food handlers and to determine the presence of indicator bacteria on the hands of food handlers in the pastrami retail points in Kayseri, Turkey. Food handlers were interviewed and the samples were taken from their hands by touching the petri dishes. Food handlers’ knowledge and attitudes were evaluated by questionnaires and checklists. Conventional methods were followed for microbiological analyses. The presence of total coliforms, E. coli, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus on the hands of food handlers were analyzed. Results indicated that coliforms were present in 37.3% of food handlers hands and 32% exceeded the limit when compared to the literature suggesting a target value of ˂2.5 cfu/cm2. E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus were present in 10.6%, 44.6% and 34% of handler’s hands, respectively. Food safety knowledge evaluation received high scores with mean score of 69.06%. Only one handler was below the score of 50%. Despite the high scores on food safety knowledge, high numbers of hand samples were found to be contaminated with pathogens. Data obtained from this study reveal that despite their adequate food safety knowledge, food handlers on pastrami retail points were found insufficient for implementation. Therefore, it is not only sufficient to provide food safety trainings but also the sources of problems, such as lack of hygiene infrastructure, in the practice should be identified and resolved in retail points.Item Honey price estimation for the future in Turkey; example of 2019- 2020(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Çevrimli, Mustafa Bahadır; Arıkan, Mehmet Saltuk; Tekindal, Mustafa Agah; Veteriner FakültesiThe purpose of the present study is to develop models for the time series data of honey prices in Turkey between 1998 and 2018 using Box-Jenkins and Winter's Exponential Smoothing methods and to evaluate the TRY- and US − d e n o m i n a t e d f o r e c a s t s m a d e u s i n g s u c h m o d e l s f o r 2019 − 2020. T h e m e t h o d e m p l o y e d t o a n a l y s e t h e t i m e s e r i e s d a t a i s t h e S e a s o n a l A u t o R e g r e s s i v e I n t e g r a t e d M o v i n g A v e r a g e ( S A R I M A ) . T h e m o s t s u i t a b l e m o d e l t o f o r e c a s t t h e h o n e y p r i c e s w a s f o u n d t o b e S A R I M A ( 2 , 1 , 2 ) ( 1 , 0 , 1 ) f o r T R Y − d e n o m i n a t e d p r i c e s a n d S A R I M A ( 0 , 1 , 3 ) ( 0 , 0 , 0 ) f o r U S -denominated prices. It was forecast that the average price of 1 kg of honey would be 49.08 TRY/6.15 US$ at the end of 2020. Since the study will provide beekeepers with information on future prices, it will help them better plan their production activities. The price forecasts in this study will be useful for producers and those involved in sale of honey with respect to prediction of how the honey prices will change in the years to come.Item Investigation of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues by LC-MS/MS in chicken liver marketed in Afyonkarahisar(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Acaröz, Damla Arslan; Sözbilir, Nalan Baysu; Veteriner FakültesiAntibiotic residues can remain in animal source foods, mainly in the liver. Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent which is extensively used to treat bacterial infections in poultry. This study aimed to evaluate ENR and its main metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) occurrence in 100 chicken livers marketed Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. Chicken liver samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS method with limits of detection for 1.17 μg/kg (ENR) and 1.24 μg/kg (CIP). ENR and CIP were detected in 39% and in 31% of samples, respectively. However, the total sum of both antibiotic residue levels was found to be far below the established maximum residue level (200 μg/kg) in all of chicken liver samples. In conclusion, according to the results of this study, chicken livers marketed in Afyonkarahisar city are safe for public health regarding ENR and CIP residues. Nonetheless, periodical control of chicken liver is advised due to the high incidence of these antibiotics.Item Antioxidant activities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of honey collected from different botanical origins(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Aker, Deniz; Nisbet, Cevat; Veteriner FakültesiIn this study, it is aimed to determine the presence of antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in six different types (multiflora, pine, chestnut, sunflower, acacia, citrus) and eventually 65 samples of honey from different parts of Turkey. Pollen analysis of all honey samples in the laboratory was carried out to determine the purity (> 65-70%) of the plant source. Total phenolic content determined in honey samples was found the highest value in pine honey 166.46 ± 5.80 (mgGAE / 100 g honey) while the lowest value was found in flower honey with (106.04 ± 9.55). The level of flavonoid contents of the groups was lowest on the flower and citrus honey (1.3 ± 0.2 and 1.6 ± 0.1) and the highest value were on chestnut and pine (2.7±0.4 and 2.8 ± 0.2) were detected. Comparing the radical scavenger activity in honey groups, the activity of chestnut honey was the highest (100.54 ± 22.72). The results of this study show that the phytochemical structure and biological activity of honey are completely different from each other depending on the plant source. On the other hand, it is possible to say that the antioxidant, phenolic, and flavonoid values are high, which is a good indicator of the quality and naturalness of honey.Item Determination of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and hepcidin levels in calves with endemic viral pneumonia(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Dörtkardeş, Ali Burak; Şahinduran, Şima; Veteriner FakültesiThe aim of this study was to investigate serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and hepcidin levels in respiratory infections caused by various viral agents in calves. Pneumonia is an infectious or non-infectious disease affecting the lungs of all animals, and during the inflammation, blood levels of acute phase proteins increase rapidly. Hepcidin is a hormone that has many functions and is known as type II acute phase reactant. The blood samples were collected from a total of 20 calves to form the study group. The control group consisted of 10 healthy animals. Sera were analyzed with ELISA for antigen detection. According to the results, Bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BHV-1) was positive in 3 calves, Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was positive in 3 calves, Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was positive in 1 calf, and Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPI3) was positive in 1 calf. Adenovirus infection was detected in 5 animals together with other viruses. Mixed infections were observed in 12 calves. Haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and hepcidin values were measured in sera. According to the results, statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for the haptoglobin (P<0.01), serum amyloid A (P<0.05) and hepcidin (P<0.05). It was concluded that these parameters can be used to support the diagnosis of respiratory infections of the calves.Item Determination of 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in Kangal dogs with venereal tumour(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Ercan, Nazlı; Yüksel, Murat; Koçkaya, Mustafa; Veteriner FakültesiCanine transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is a contagious cancer and sexually transmitted one dog to another by allogenic transfer of living cancer cells. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between antioxidative metabolism and venereal tumour at Kangal Dogs and to show the size of oxidative damage it causes through 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The materials of this study included the blood sera of 15 Kangal Dogs with TVT, and as a control group of 15 healthy Kangal Dogs. The sera levels of 8-OHdG were determined by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) which are antioxidative enzymes were investigated by spectrophotometric methods as described. Serum 8-OHdG and MDA levels of dogs with TVT were found to be significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.001). The levels of GPx were statistically different (P<0.05). In the light of the findings, which are obtained in this study, the transmissible venereal tumour, which is an infectious and treatable type of cancer, can lead to new studies that may be caused by oxidant-antioxidant metabolism.Item Investigating various performance traits of Karakul sheep(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2020-03-03) Erol, Halil; Özbeyaz, Ceyhan; Ünal, Necmettin; Veteriner FakültesiKarakul sheep in Turkey is an endangered breed according to the total number of ewes. Two herds of Karakul sheep in Tokat Province, reared similar environmental conditions, kept in situ in vivo conservation as a gene resource. This study aimed to determine various performance traits of Karakul sheep reared in breeder conditions as a gene resource. Least squares means for lambing rate (LR), litter size (LS) and lamb production (LP) were found 95.8±0.60%, 1.04±0.01 and 100.0±0.80%, respectively. It was determined that farm and age had significant effect on LR and LP, while farm and year had significant impact on LS. Survival rate in lambs were found 95.2 and 94.1%, respectively on 90th and 180th days. Means of least squares for live weights of lambs at birth and on 90th and 180th days were identified as 3.35±0.02, 21.52±0.27 and 30.34±0.32 kg, respectively. Live weight after shearing and greasy fleece weight values were 40.73±0.12 and 2.04±0.01 kg for females and 62.65±0.53 and 3.48±0.06 kg for males. Lactation milk yield (LMY) was 104.85±3.73 kg in ewes and lactation duration was 159.01±1.70 days. LMY was affected by the lactation number and farm while lactation duration was affected by lactation number. Results revealed that various performance traits of Karakul sheep conserved in breeder conditions were similar to or better than those previously reported for this breed. Also, the breed is similar to medium size native sheep breeds in terms of growth and mature live weight.