İlhanlılar zamanında kültür ve eğitim
Özet
The Ilkhanate Empire, which was founded as a result of the arrival of Mongol hordes to the Near East, following the invasions of Chingis Khan who succesfully unified Mongol tribes under his banner, and their transition to a political entity caused radical changes in the various aspects of the ongoing life of Near East. At the same time Mongol constituents that formed Ilkhanate Empire, experienced important changes as well. Cultural life, educational institutions and especially religion doubtlessly were the areas in which this change was perceived most densely. Following the establisment of Ilkhanate Empire Mongols, abandoning their ancient beliefs converted to Islam. However, under the strong influence of the political activities of the Ilkhanates, considerable changes took place on the interpretation of Islam in the Near East. The most important examples to this were flourishing and proliferation of Sufism and spread of Shiism to new geographies due to its opportinities of consolidation and expanse. The Ilkhanates, who initially caused great destruction in the milieu of science and education, compensated these destruction and even advanced the legacy of education and science by establishing charities and science institutions in the course of time. Although first Mongol raids shook the established scientific and intellectual life, many scholars and authors were sponsored by Ilkhanate state and a revival was took place in intellectual life. Doubtlessly the most remarkable revival was witnessed in historyography. First universal history was written by Rashid-al-Din in Ilkhanate palace. Most important cultural changing that Ilkhanates experienced was transition from nomadic way of life to urbanization. Mongols who once migrated accross the steppes of Central Asia managed to form great cities in Near East. This study is about the transformation and development that took place both in Ilkhanate way of life and in the cultural and educational environment of the geography they dominated.