Meclisi Valay-ı Muhakemat Dairesi kararlarına göre Osmanlı Devleti'nde suçlar
Özet
From the non-expansion period and onwards, Ottoman Empire upgraded their institutions in way to improve them which were lagging behind throughout the times. State structure has been improved with new laws in the 19th century. These innovations started with the Tanzimat decree and spread through the society. Tanzimat times are the times where Ottoman Empire tried to stop the contraction of its land and are the times where it tried to gain its world dominance by imposing new reforms. Sanctions from the Western countries have placed the importance of these times into the society. However, the supports of the intellecturals are also a key factor in making these reforms. The major novelty of the Tanzimat has been in the field of law on the Ottoman society. Following the declaration of Tanzimat, criminal laws were created. The laws which are created in 1851, has secured the major fundamental rights and freedom of the today's constitution. Nizamiye courts were established in 1869 and in accordance with the provisions of the law dated 1274 had the right to make judgments. It created radical reforms in the field of law and especially in judicial reforms. Meclis-i Vala which is created shortly before the declaration of Tanzimat and afterwards became the major complementary and practitioners of it. Proceedings department of the Meclis-i Vala has 1st class documents in which we observed in details. When we are looking at the applications in this period, we can see the newly created courts and criminal laws in the Tanzimat Declaration and its complementary reformation declaration. The documents which are collected from the Proceedings department states the facts on the state's social, economic, and about the dynamics of social crime. These documents consists of the information on crime's location, type, nationality of the offender, nationality of the victim, offender's religion, victim's religion, offender's gender, victim's gender and the information of the prison where their placed at. It can be stated from the documents that there is an increase in the percentage of criminal activity through the years(1276-443 type of crime & 1876-1531 type of crime) and the increase of crime couldn't be decreased despite the all the necessary measures taken and sometimes the name of the crime has been modified(heart-fund theft- forgery)In this thesis, it is shown that the decisions in which Meclis-i Vala Proceedings taken, the crimes which are committed on the basis of society in accordance to the investigated years, there is an economical and social problem in the Ottoman Society. There is also an increase trend in criminal activity despite the fact that of the Ottoman State's reformation on the criminal law.