Şîa'da metin tenkidi
Özet
Despite being one of the methods that has been practiced in the approval or dismissal of hadith narrations for centuries, textual criticism does not correspond to a phenomenon that is systematically applied with well-defined boundaries in the study of hadith. With the emphasis on the importance of textual criticism in the evaluation of narrations and the critique of its traditional peripheralization in hadith methodology for the last century, an increasing number of studies have examined and employed textual analysis both in Sunni and Shi'te academic circles. Such studies in Shia Islam emphasize the significance of textual criticism and the need for it, and they concern with some of the common practices employed by Shiite scholars. Yet, a historical analysis investigating the practice of textual criticism in a detailed way has not been done yet, and the present study hopes to contribute to this gap. The Shiite hadith tradition with its different periods has been examined as a whole, and the approaches and practices of textual criticism in each period have been overviewed. Each historical period has been investigated through its representative scholars and their work. Consequently, it has been found out that textual criticism has been practiced by Shiite hadith scholars since the third century (Islamic Hijri calendar).The concept of ghuluw (exaggeration) necessitated the practice of textual criticism in Shiite hadith tradition, and textual analysis has been employed as a primary approach in the evaluation of narrations regarding ghuluw. Textual criticism, which was employed in the study of narrations concerning fiqh as well, lost its popularity after the seventh century (Islamic Hijri calendar), when a methodology based on attribution (isnad) began to be used more commonly. In the twentieth century, textual criticism has been acknowledged as an important approach in the re-examination of hadith sources, and a number of studies have been carried out to refer to its significance in both theory and practice.