Maurice Merleau-Ponty'de bedensel özne anlayışı
Özet
In general terms, the main purpose of this dissertation is to present the embodied-subject conception of Merleau-Ponty who gives an alternative insight to the modern conception of subject. In this direction, first of all the conception of the universe which started to change by the 17th century was handled due to that is the historical background of Descartes who suggested the conception of modern subject. In this context, issues such as the configuration of mechanism, expressing the natural events mathematically is discussed.After this section it was proved that how the main Cartesian characteristics of modern thought was built by Descartes. Yet it is known, Descartes impressed all the posterior philosophical movements by some means or other. Hence displaying his philosphical system means to determinate the main orientation of the modern approaches that they relied on. In this context, Descartes? method, how the distinction between subject and object, body and soul was grounded, and how they were identified as a distinct substance through their qualifications is discussed. Ultimately, the features of I who possess conciousness and expressed by the ?I am thinking, therefore I am? argument was manifested.Descartes excepted the soul from the relations of determinism, he didn't consider it as any other object. In the consequent section, it is mentioned of the approaches after Descartes, which comment on the mind within the boundaries of determinism. So, it was aimed to prove that henceforth, the mind is considered as any physical object. And in this context, the developments in the physiology and the new psychology based on these developments are mentioned.In the part of the dissertation that is allocated to Merleau-Ponty who found in the tradition of existantialist phenomenology, the concept of subject is discussed with a new perspective. The concept of perception is set to the center of the discussion and the critique of the conception of perception of empiricism and intellectualism made by Merleau-Ponty was mentioned. Accordingly, it was concluded that perceiving is not an act that is built up with pure sensations, but it is rather a prior phase that we get in touch with life-world. In this context, the concept of perspectivism, embodiment, being-in-the-world was discussed beside the concept of perception. That the approach of Merleau-Ponty make a new conception of subject possible named as bodily-subject in our days can be determined as the basic thesis of this study.