İntrauterin gelişme geriliğinde maternal kan, kordon kanı ve plasentada ağır metal düzeyi
Özet
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) complicates approximately 10 to 15 percent of all pregnancies and it is one of the leading cause of fetal mortality and morbidity. Normal growth of the fetus is dependent on the properly developed placental barrier and placental pathologies are associated with IUGR pregnancies. Placental pathologies are also demonstrated with Doppler studies, which is seen as increased resistance in umbilical artery. Abnormal placentation is characterised by the lack of adequate invasion of spiral arterioles by trophoblasts. Normal placentation is necessary for normal fetal growth and without normal placentation, preeclampsia and IUGR are seen with increased frequency. However most cases of IUGR are due to idiopathic causes. During prenatal development ,fetus is very susceptible to harm and during this period many stressor factors can have a negative impact on fetal growth. Heavy metal exposure is an increasing concern in the industrialised world. Heavy metal exposure during prenatal life is one of the hypothesised causes of IUGR. Available studies suggests heavy metal exposure during antenatal period is associated with neurodevelopment defects. Our research is aimed at investigating association of heavy metal concentration of cord blood, maternal blood and placenta with development IUGR. 41 pregnant women with IUGR and 34 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies were enrolled in the study. Maternal blood samples were obtained immediately before delivery. Fetal blood samples and placental tissue were collected after delivery. Blood samples were centrifuged and then serum samples were stored at -80 C until analysis. Heavy metal ion concentration analyses were performed at Ankara University Institute of Forensic Sciences laboratory. Measurement were obtained with an atomic absorption spectrometer. Results have shown maternal blood, fetal blood and placental heavy metal ion concentrations were higher in IUGR cases compared to control group. Statistical significance was achieved for fetal and maternal blood heavy metal concentrations but not for placental heavy metal ion concentration. All cases of IUGR had elevated concentration of mercury above threshold determined by EPA (5.8 µg/L). According to our findings blood heavy metal ion concentrations are elevated in IUGR cases and elevated concentrations are associated with pathologic fetal growth. Although some available research suggest an association of heavy metal ion levels with IUGR, to the best of author's knowledge there is no research investigating association of heavy metal ion concentrations with development idiopathic IUGR. Exposure to heavy metal ions during pregnancy should be prevented.