Musul Atabegliği; Zengiler (Musul kolu: 1146-1233)
Özet
This thesis deals with the political history of the Mosul Atabagate, which prevailed during the Xllth and XHIth centuries in the Northern Iraq and Syria. It also dwells on the Atabagates organization, cultural and economic life. As it is known, the history of the Mosul Atabagate begins with the appointment of the Seljukid commander Imad al-Din Zangi as the governor of Mosul by Irakian Seljukid Sultan Mahmud in 1127. Sultan Mahmud, while appointing Zangi as the governor of Mosul, he also send his two sons, Alp Arslan and Farrukhshah, with him for their training and dignified Zangi as the "atabak". Imad al- Dins office was also approved by the Great Seljukid Sultan Sanjar. In the course of time, when the Great Seljukid authority diminished in Iraq, Zangi established his own authority there. When he was killed during the siege of the Ja'ber Castle, his territories was kept by his sons and chiefs. Equivalent to the Nur al-Din Mahmud' s gain of Halep, Sayf al-Din Ghazi ruled in Mosul and was able to establish his authority in the whole of the Atabagate. Sayf al-Din was also able to make the independence efforts of the vassal neighbour rulers, who were attached to Mosul during his fathers reign, futile. Thus, this work deals with the history of the Sayf al- Din Ghazi and his successor Zangi sovereigns, who ruled in Mosul. In fact, although Nur al-Din Mahmud dominated besides Aleppo, the whole Atabagate for a long time, the Mosul branch succeeded in keeping her own rule. The Mosul sovereigns, because of their capitals location, instead of making conquests, they looked for the means in keeping their territories, and especially by the coming of Salah al-Din Ayyubi, they adopted and practiced, almost the only way of keeping their small lands, the principles of balance of power policy, as in the example of the Artukids, in Southeastern Antolia and Mesopotamia, which became an area of influence conflicts of the Anatolian Seljukids and the Ayyubids. By the death ot Atabak Nasr al-Din Mahmud, the last member of the Zangi dynasty in Mosul, in 1233, the Mosul Atabagate ceased to exit, and was replaced by the rule of Badr al-Din Lu'lu, who was the regent of the Atabagate. During the time of the Mosul Atabagate, Mosul and its neighbourhood, enjoyed its most productive time, througout its history, until this period. As it is understood from the sources and works which, survived until today, during the time of Atabagate, Mosul rendered a prosperous time. And by means of mass production and increase in trade in al-Jazirah and in Syria, there occured a vitality in economy, and at the same time, the great cities of the region became the centers of science, by the establishment of numerous madrasas and invititation of the outstanding scholars (al-ulamd) to the cities.