Yeni Türk alfabesinin kabulü ve öğretiminde kullanılan yöntemler-araçlar
Özet
Throughout history, the Turks have used different alphabets under theinfluence of the geography where they live and the culture they have. After using theArabic alphabet adopted in the X. century for a long time, an alphabet debate to havean alphabet reform began among the intellectuals of the Ottoman Empire to deal withthe increasing need to disseminate education and the increasing bureaucratic needs ofthe Tanzimat Period.The debates regarding the alphabet have also continued up to theConstitutional Periods, and some of the solutions proposed with regards to thealphabet debate were partly put into practice. Some course books, newspapers andmagazines were published so that the existing alphabet can more easily be read andunderstood. Besides, an alphabet reform was tried by Enver Pasha for militarycorrespondence. However, this attempt did not end up with success.On the other hand, during the Republican Era, the alphabet debate wasregarded as an educational problem of the government, not only an issue focused onby the intellectuals. Developments like the Unification of Education Law and theadoption of the international numbers resulted in the adoption of a new Turkishalphabet based on Latin alphabet following a long time of preparation period.In order to get people to accept the new alphabet, to introduce and to teachthe new alphabet; many visual, auditory methods and materials were used andwidespread public training courses, such as National Schools were opened under theleadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Around two million people were taught how toread and write using the new alphabet in these schools. Thirty thousand books werewritten in the new alphabet in fifteen years, approximately five hundred librarieswere opened and the circulation of the newspapers has increased in a short time.Also, the new alphabet led to the standardization of the government bureaucracy andto the creation of a common dialect and language.This research focuses on the activities carried out to teach the new Turkishalphabet and on the reflections of the method and instruments used in the adoption ofthe new Turkish alphabet on the education and culture of the society.