Almancada kiplik fiiller ve Türkçedeki karşılıkları

Abstract

Modality examines the transformation of the meanings to linguistic meaning in the universe; modus is a grammatical marker of the modality. Modal field in German is modal adverbs, modal words, modal prepositions, modal objects, modal sub-clauses, modal verbs. Können, objectively is transferred with -Ebİl, -mEz(negative); Dürfen, with -Ebİl, mEz, yasak, -mAlI; Mögen, with hoşlanmak, sevmek, arzu etmek; Wollen, with kararlı istemek, gerekmek, dilemek; sollen with -mAlI, gerekli, lâzım; müssen with mecbur, zorunlu, şart, -mAlI etc. In subjective meaning können is indicated with -Ebİl, -mIş olman olası, -EbİlEcEk; Dürfen, with büyük olasılıkla +Ebİl, (negative): -EmE, -mIş olmalı; Mögen with ?mIş olmalı, sanırım, fark etmez; Wollen with iddia etmek; in anger expression, bir de istemek; sollen, with -Ebİl, olabilir mi, -mIş mI, -mIş olması mümkün mü, olası mı, güya, rivayet ediliyor, -EcEk olursa; Müssen, with -mElİ, -mXş olmalı/ -mXş olması kesin, -sEn iyi olurdu, herhalde -EcEk etc. Consequently 1) The modal verbs in subjunctive mode contains probability in different levels, suspicion, forecasting. Müssen indicates very high, dürfen a strong, können an intermediate probability, mögen a low probability, of these provisions should be emphasized in Turkish equivalences. 2) According to the principles of learning from simple to complex, easy to difficult, general to specific, concrete to abstract; firstly objective meanings should be given. 3) B-level objective and subjective meanings of modal verbs should be dealt with separately. 4) It is not enough to content only with lexical meanings of modal verbs; also meanings should be reinforced in textual context with sample studies.