Pamuk agro-ekosisteminde kullanılan bazı pestisitlerin parazitoit chelonus oculator panzer (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) üzerine olan biyolojik ve davranışsal etkileri
Özet
In this study, egg-larval parasitoid Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and army worm Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were used as hosts. Developmental and behavioural side effects of pesticides such as clethodim (herbicide), quizalafop-P-ethyl (herbicide), thiodicarb (insecticide), indoxacarb (insecticide) and mancozeb (fungicide) on the parasitoid were determined under laboratory conditions. In experiments while only application doses were used for fungicide and herbicides, and also application dose, half of application dose and %5 of application dose were used for insecticides and effects of these application, on developmental of the parasitoid were determined. Y-tube olfactometer was used for behavioural experiments.There wasn?t any development of parasitoid at all doses of thiodicarb and indoxacarb. Negative effects of the other pesticide applications were observed on the parasitoid developmental time, adult emergence, life time and adult mass. Experiments that were performed for toxicity to adults were showed that parasitoid death increased directly proportional with time of exposure. Similarly the results showed that pesticides used were adversly effected adult life times, in experiments.Effect of different pesticides on parasitoid behaviours were determined with air flow Y-tube olfactometer. Pesticide odour and pesticide applied host egg odour were used to determine parasitoid preferences. It was determined that all pesticides odour have repellent effect. However, pesticide applied host egg odour tests showed that thiodicarb, indoxacarb, quizalafop-P-ethyl and mancozeb were not repellent to the parasitoid.