Avrupa Birliği'ne giriş sürecinde Türkiye'de eğitimin planlanması
Özet
EDUCATIONAL PUNNING IN TURKEY WHICH IS IN THE EU MEMBERSHIP PROCESS DOCTORATE THESIS ANKARA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES How the education be or must be in Turkey in future years? Giving the answer of this question will be wrong without taking into consideration of the changes occurred during the process of membership to EU. Likewise, nowadays, fundamental changes happen in every aspect and the affects the quantitative and qualitative level of education. Education and human resources level, goals and the things that must be done to reach these goals for Turkey, which face important educational problems, becomes more important during the membership process with EU. This research was born from a requirement to determine directions, goals and strategies for education with a basic policy report of Turkey that is in the condition of educating huge population during a speedy and multidimensional change process. Following subjects were investigated in a historical order by the research that was done with literature Review model. EU countries and Turkey's: - Educational principles and goals, - Population and educational level, - Work force and educational level, - Educational financing and expenses. By taking these investigation results and long term strategy and goals of Eight Five Year Development Plan as a base, an education plan that covers 2005-2020 term was prepared for Turkey. In this plan, the increase of population in school age, schooling percentage, student-teacher- classroom quantity and requirement of budget were predicted. Plan was prepared with two options. First option based on the assumption that the development in last term (1990-2001) will continue similarly in the future term (2005-2020). Second option based on the assumption that a much more rapid development will happen than the last term for reaching EU education level. The results obtained in this research are shortly as foliowings; The basic approach of EU is instead of unique type of education with its method, content and structure, reshaping the educational policies of participating countries according to the national characteristics of participant countries by multireteral exchange of opinions. EU's educational goals were determined parallel to the aim of EU which is becoming world's most competitive power in knowledge economy. EU has three strategic goals in education: XII- to improve the quality and functionality of education and training, - to provide easy reach and benefit from education and training - to widespread the education and training to much more population (to open much more broad world) In the education which is aimed by EU, there are subject areas that range from human rights and social security to production norms, from research and development to lifelong learning. There are "entrepreneurs and improvemenf, flexibility in work power market, lifelong learning and social cooperation In social and economical strategies of EU. Because of the rapid change in production processes, Education and consciousness studies have been wide spreading local, regional, national and international studies that take into consideration new sectors and occupational employment and education dimensions have been supported. Turkish population's education level is very much behind the all education level of EU countries' populations. At the same time, Turkey's schooling percentage in every level and type of education is very much behind the educational level of all population of EU countries. Matching of EU work power decrease tendency and Turkey's work power increase tendency at the same term charges Turkey an important opportunity and education task. Turkey that have a work power in which half of them are primary school graduate can not reach EU lowest quality education level of EU countries. When taking into consideration that the agricultural employment will decrease, industrial employment will stabilize and real employment increase will be provided with service sector, the human resources are not enough. In other words, Turkey's work power that has a low education level is lack of the knowledge and skills that is needed for high salaried and productive employments in changing world. Therefore, Turkey must increase the speed of studies on educational opportunities and accessibility of education and provide alt its population achieve vocational qualities. Central-regional-local administrations provide educational financing in EU countries, in preschool, basic education and secondary education, regional and local administrations share, in higher education central administrations share is high. When EU countries and Turkey is compared, the country that spends lowest resource for education is Turkey. In all education types and levels (preschool, basic education, secondary education, higher education), There will be 15 million students in 2005-2006 school year, 23 million students in 2020- 2020 school year in Turkey, The financial resource that is necessary for these students to study in EU norms is 18 billion US$ in 2005-2006 school year and 145 billion US$ in 2020-2021 school year. XIII