XV. yüzyıl bir Türk Sufisi: Yakub-ı Çerhi
Özet
Ya?qub b. Otman b. Mahmûd who was an early shaikh of the Naqshbandi order, born inthe Charkh of the Logar district near Gazna.He studied first in Herat and then in Cairo. When he was in Cairo, Charkhy was aclassmate of Khaja Zayn-al-Din Khafû, founder of the Zaynû order, and studied under Sehab-al-Din Sherwani. Then Charky went to Bukhara and earned a licence to deliver fatwas.Shortly before leaving Bukhara he met Khaje Bahâ-al-Din Naqshband and expressedthe wish to join his circle. After short time Charkhy initiated into the order by Baha-al-dinhimself and assigned for his formal training to Ala-al-Din Attâr.After the death of Baha-al-Din Naqshband in 791/1389, Charkhy left Bukhara first forKesh and then for Badakhshan. There he received a letter from Attâr reminding him Baha-al-Din?s wish that Charkhy keep his company. He joined Attâr in Chaganian, remaining thereuntil his teath in 802/1400. Charkh moved to the region of Hesar Shadman and spent almosthalf a century there, dying in the village of Halfetu in 851/1447.The fame of Charky continues down to the present. His tomb now situated on the landsof Hesar Shadman outside Dushanbe, is still an object of pilgrimage being the principal holyplace of Tajikistan. The People of Logar would gather there on the occasion of the mulberryharvest to celebrate his memory with both prayer and picnic.He left behind five spiritual successor but the most important of them is Khadja `UbaydAllah Ahrâr. The Naqshbandi Order became firmly rooted in Central Asia and spread also toother regions of the Islamic world with him.Charky has got several writings and his books sheds light on the Naqshbandiyyah of histime such as Nay-nama that the most ancient piece of writing in explication of the Mathnawiand a commentary on the prologue to Rumi?s Mathnawi and two of the stories contained in itsfirst book. The Rasala Onsiye is about Naqshbandi practices; The Rasala Abdaliya concernsitself with questions relating to sainthood. Hawraiya Jamaliya is an extended commentary onquatrains attributed to Abu Said b. Abi?l-Kayr. Sarh al-Asma al-Hosna is about the ninety-nine names of God. Tafsir that the commentary on the opening chapter of Koran and its lasttwo sections. And Tarika-i Hatm-i Ahzab, al-Ahadis al-Erba?un, Sharh Nisâb al-Sibyan li al-Farahû, Resala der `ilm Farez a few quatrains composed by Charky himself.Charky was very active during his life. He never talk over with governer but worked forpeople. The life of Ya?qub Charky is very important because it helps us to understand thementality of Naqshbandiyyah in the Central Asia and the Ottoman Empire.