Koca engerek, Macrovipera lebetina (Linnaeus, 1758)'nın Güneydoğu Anadolu ve Kıbrıs alt türlerinin zehirlerinin proteomik ve spektroskopik yöntemlerle karşılaştırılması
Özet
The aim of this study is to compare the venoms of the subspecies of Blunt-nosed Viper, Macrovipera lebetina (Linnaeus, 1758) from South-Eastern Anatolia [M. l. obtusa (Dwigubsky, 1832)] and Cyprus [M. l. lebetina (Linnaeus, 1758)] by proteomic and spectroscopic methods.Venom was milked from two adult M. l. obtusa and M. l. lebetina specimens which were have been fed in terrarium. Venom samples were pooled in one tube for each subspecies and lyophilized. After that, lyophilized venom samples were reconstituted and venom protein profiles were obtained in duplicates by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. For the first dimension, 17 cm. immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips with a pH 3-10 gradient were used. Gels were stained with Sypro Ruby and scanned by VersaDoc gel imaging system. Gel analysis were carried out using PDQuest 8.0.1 gel analyze program. Protein identification was achieved with peptide mass fingerprinting approach, by the bioinformatic analyses of the peptide m/z values obtained from MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. Additionally, lyophilized venom samples were measured by FT-IR in the mid-infrared region in order to obtain information about not only the proteins, but the all molecular contents of venom and also venom characterization was made with the cluster analysis.As a result of two dimensional gel electrophoresis, number of shared protein spots were found between two subspecies. However, some significant differences were also seen. 15 protein spots were found statistically different between the replicate gels from two groups according to Student t-test both with and without logarithmic transformation. Important differences were found especially at ~20 kDa and ~ pH 6 region. As a result of the FT-IR measurements, 13 significant peaks were found on the spectrum of M. l. obtusa and M. l. lebetina venom. Differences on the second derivative spectrums at Amid II region indicate protein secondary structure differences. Additionally, venom FT-IR spectrums were obtained from Montivipera xanthina and two subspecies of M. lebetina were classified with cluster analysis. As a result of the bioinformatic analysis of the m/z values were obtained from the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, proteins belonging to the following families were identified from various true and pit viper venoms: phospholipase A2, metalloprotease, metalloprotease/disintegrin, serin protease, disintegrin, cysteine-rich secretory protein, C-type lectin, vascular endothelial growth factor, nerve growth factor, hyaluronidase, L-amino acid oxidase, trypsin inhibitor. Also, proteins from the venom of Elapids, Colubrids, Hydrophids, and lizards were identified. Venom of M. lebetina was studied with two dimensional gel electrophoresis for the first time. Also this is the first report of the whole snake venom mid-infrared FT-IR spectrum and the venom characterization with cluster analysis.