Orobanşa dayanıklı erkenci ve kısa boylu kendilenmiş ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) hatları arası melez ve heterosis / Hybrid and heterosis between early and dwarf selfed sunflower lines resistant to the broomprapa
Özet
This study was carried out at the experimental field of Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ankara. Four selfed lines resistant to the broomrape E strain and 1 2 hybrid offspring derived from reciprocal crosses of these lines were used. V.893 1 was included as a control in the experiments. According to the results of the study, the average seed yield, oil yield and stalk yield of the hybrids per hectare was 1254-2076 kg (N, x N4 - N4 x N3), 425-905 kg (N, x N4 - N4 x N3) and 1511-3194 kg (Ni x N4 - N4 x N3), respectively. In addition, average plant height, head diameter, a thousand seed weight, husk percentage, oil percentage and oil percentage with husk of the hybrids was determined as 83.3-140.3 cm (N, x N3 - N4 x N3), 14.8-19.4 cm (N, x N4 - Ni x N2), 61. 1-89.5 g (N4 x N2- N, x N3), 22.9-30.6 % (N2 x N4- N4 x N2), 48.05-57.17 % (N, x N4 - N4 x NO and 33.75-41.50 % (N, x N4- N4 x N,), respectively. Heterosis in seed yield 8 hybrids was positive, whereas, in 4 hybrids was found negative. These values ranged between -27.7 % to 63.3 %. Hybrid vigour was -36.5-81.7 % in oil yield, - 29.7-63.6 % in stalk yield, -0.2-22.6% in plant height, -16.8-22.7% in head diameter, -18.8-43.6IV % in a thousand seed weight, -16.59-11.38 % in husk percentage, -8.78-9.69 % in oil percentage and -1 1.9-9.21 % in oil percentage with husk. Furthermore, effects of general combining ability of fertile lines and specific combining ability of hybrids from parents were also calculated. N4 fertile parents in seed yield, oil yield, plant height, head diameter and oil percentage with husk; N3 fertile prents in stalk yield and oil percentage; and N2 fertile parents in a thousand seed weight, and husk percentage had the highest general combining ability. Specific combining abilities of N4xN3 in seed yield, oil yield, plant height, head diameter and oil percentage with husk and N3 x N4 in stalk yield and N2 x N3 in a thousand seed weight and husk percentage and N3 x N2 in oil percentage was found to be the highest. Most of the hybrids showed better development than control variety. Compared to control variety, seed yield, stalk yield, head diameter, a thousand seed weight and oil percentage of all hybrids, oil yield of six hybrids and oil percentage with husk of 8 hybrids increased. However, plant heights of 9 hybrids were shorter and husk of 1 hybrid was thinner than control variety. The broomrape frequency, intensity number and attcking rate was determined as 1. 13-4.62 %, 0.90-4.30 and 0.03-0.13, respectively. These results indicated that hybrids were resistant to the broomrape. Key words: Sunflower, selfed line, broomrape resistance, hybrid, hybrid vigour, hybrid vigour according to superior parent, seed yield, oil yield, stalk yield, plant height, head diameter, a thousand seed weight, husk percentage, oil percentage, flowering and maturation period, general and specific combining ability, earliness.