II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi fikir hareketleri ve Türk edebiyatına yansımaları
Özet
This study deals with the subject of ?Idea Movements in the Second Constitutional Monarchy Era and their Influence on Turkish Literature.?This study encompasses Introduction, Chapter I, Chapter II, Conclusion.Introduction gives information about general history, political, military and social background of the period that took place until Balkan Wars, which constitute the time period of the formulation of II Constitutional Monarchy Era. This information is important because a literary work should be evaluated and given importance to against the background of the conditions of the time when it was written. The works of this time mainly bring forward social themes.Chapter I gives information about historical process and development of the Ottoman, Islam, West, Turkism idea movements in the second Constitutional Monarchy Era.Chapter II bears the title ??Idea Movements in the second Constitutional Monarchy era and their Influence on Turkish Literature.? It is the focus point of this study. Firstly, this chapter analyses the influence of one of the contemporary idea movements, Ottomanism, on our literature. In the Ottomanism Süleyman Nazif is focused. A great attention is also given to the ideological conflicts between those who are connected to Ottomanism and those who support the other idea movements. It is concluded that Ottomanism can be regarded as a descending concept during II Constitutional Monarchy Era.Islamism is the second movement that this study scrutinises in terms of its influence on our literature. Firstly, this chapter gives information about the contemporary periodicals that can be called Islamic. They are Sırat-ı Müstakim (Sebilü?r-reşad), Beyanü?l-Hak and Volkan. The author of the National Hymn, the poet Mehmet Akif Ersoy is analysed in details in the Islamism frame. During the analysis of Mehmet Akif Ersoy?s ideas, his work ?Safahat?, in which his poems are collected, was taken as a basis. This work was scrutinised in a thematic and semantic approach. The works of such writers as Mehmet Şemsettin Günaltay and Babanzade Ahmet Naim are also analysed as the ones who were close to Mehmet Akif Ersoy. There is also information related to the relationship between the Islam idea movement and the other movements. It is concluded that Islamism is the second most powerful idea movement after Turkism.Westernism takes place as the third movement that affected our literature. This chapter gives information about important periodical pertaining to Westernism, İçtihad. Tevfik Fikret and Abdullah Cevdet are selected as the centre identities in terms of West idea. The other people around these two writers are also analysed. There is also an analysis of the influence of West ideas on the philosophy of the republic. Despite the fact that they did not get much interest, such movement as Socialism, decentralization and İnitiative are described as the components of the West ideas. Prince Sabahattin?s ideas are foregrounded. The West idea movement did not overlap with Islam idea movement and the conflict between the two is analysed in terms of both sides. As a conclusion, it is seen that the representatives of all idea movements have the same opinion related to development and the following of the innovations. However, it is observed that they differ in terms of the use of the benefits of the West culture (spiritual culture). As Ziya Gökalp states, it is concluded that the West can be beneficial in terms of civilisation (materialistic culture).Turkism idea movement is analysed as the fourth movement and it is the most important movement in II Constitutional Monarchy period. After the announcement of the II Constitutional Monarchy, even the Muslim elements of the Ottoman Government started protesting. Because of this Turkism became the only solution. At the end of Balkan Wars İttihad and Terakki Party affirms Turkism as their official ideology. As a result of this, Turkism became an ascending concept.This chapter firstly analyses the origin, development and importance of Turkism and then gives information about its relations with other movements. There is also information about the political, scientific and literary pioneers of Turkism. They are Yusuf Akçura, İsmail Gaspirinski, Ahmet Ağaoğlu, Mehmet Emin Resulzade, Ziya Gökalp, Mehmet Emin Yurdakul, Ali Canip Yöntem and Ömer Seyfettin. Then, there is information about the associations and periodicals that were the pioneers and supporters of Turkism.Ziya Gökalp, the most essential Turkism leader in Turkey, and his ideas are scrutinised under the heading ?Ziya Gökalp as One Idea, a Man of the Idea and Literary Identity.? This chapter takes as its basis Ziya Gökalp?s work named ?Becoming Turkish, Islamic, Developed (Türkleşmek, İslâmlaşmak, Muasırlaşmak) written in 1918. In the succeeding chapters Ziya Gökalp?s poems are analysed separately.Ömer Seyfettin is one of the identities who are scrutinised separately under the heading of ?A Story Teller of a Short Life and Big Ideas.? Ömer Seyfettin?s stories and poems are also analysed in other chapters under separate headings.The influence of Turkism on novels and stories is analysed in Aydemir by Müfide Ferid Tek, Yeni Turan by Halide Edip Adıvar, Gönül Hanım and the story book Çağlayanlar by Ahmet Hikmet Müftüoğlu. There is also an analysis of Ömer Seyfettin?s stories related to this topic.Ziya Gökalp, Mehmed Emin Yurdakul, Ali Canip Yöntem and Aka Gündüz?s (Enis Avni) poems are analysed in terms of the influence of Turkism on the poetry.The conclusion part includes the impressions related to the influence of the idea movements on our literature. There is also a general evaluation of the period brought forward by the literary works and the conclusion of the other resources.This study is prepared around the concepts of Ottomanism, Turkism, Islamism, Westernism, freedom, equality, brotherhood, justice, legitimacy, constitutional monarchy, law, imperialism, East-West conflict, culture, Enlightenment, liberation solutions, decentralization, stress on individuality.