Sadruşşeria'da iyilik ve kötülük problemi
Abstract
SUMMARY The Problem of Good and Evil in Sadruşşeria We have analysed subject of good and evil in Sadruşşeria as a theologic problem: Many philosophers and theologions discussed this problem and its connection with God. Sadruşşeria formulated the relationship between good and evil with human acts, by confirming the free will in mankind. Asharite view caused Sadraşşeria's study. Because they denied free will and than good and evil without revelation. Sadraşşeria's view in human acts is original. This originality is in two cases, 1. in concept of act (fiil), 2. concept of hal (status). He indicated that concept of act (fiil) was used in two meanings. First of them is infinitive meaning. It's only in mind, not out of mind. It's abstract. Second meaning is concrete. It exists in sensible world. He takes infinitive meaning of act while he is arguing the subject of good and evil. He uses concept of hal (status) in order to confirm free will.. He is describing the consept of hal (status) that it is neither existent nor absent. By concept of hal (status), Sadruşşeria demonstrated that will and facing of will to its object is hal (status) and it isn't related with directly Allah's creation. Human being deserves prize or punishment by choosing of free will good or evil. Free will thought in Maturîdiyan Kalam (Theologic school in islamic thought) was strenghtened by his opinion. This view was defended by Kemâl ibn Human after him. 15UAccording to Sadruşşeria, acts have peculiarity of good and evil. Allah orders good things and forbids evil things. This peculiarity in act attracts ordering ör forbidding of God. Except from the ideas of other theologians, Sadruşşeria uses the infinitive meaning of act (fiil). Peculiarity of good and evil exists in essence of act in mind. Sensible human acts are appearance of total concept of act in mind. They become meaningful by choosing of wül good ör evil acts in mind. in Sadruşşeria's opinion, good and evil is known through reason and/or revelation. If it is said that ali of them was known throught revelation, it would require vicious circle. Allah commands what is good for mankind. He doesrit command \vithout reason. Revelation informs to mankind what they can't know by reason and objective values in case they conflict. Reason understans judgement that obeying of Allah's commands is good and obligatory for him