Osmanlı İlmiyye Tarîkinde İstihdam ve Hareket:Rumeli Kadıaskerliği Ruznâmçeleri üzerine bir tahlil denemesi (XVI. Yüzyıl)
Özet
The study undertakes the subject of the Ottoman Learned Class (İlmiyye) in the 16th century and the purpose is to determine matters as how one enters into the learned class, the manner of employment within state offices of the class, the transactions between state offices of the ulemâ and rearrangements within the work place. As a result the ruznâmçe?s of kadiaskers, a significant source concerning the class, were chosen as primary database. The era to study is determined to be the 16th century in order to establish the classic characteristic of the learned bureaucracy and the issues of employment and transaction was considered under the example of Rumelia as there was only the defter?s of the Kadiaskers of Rumelia pertaining to the period in question. And since the Kadiaskers of Rumelia assumed on the bureaucratic duty of documentation in the mülâzemet system, the paper constitutes all data on the profession from the mülâzım ruznâmçe?s.The article consists of three sections; however, before tackling on the subject, the prologue examines the introduction of ruznâmçe?s into bureaucracy, the process of production and their characteristics in general. Based on the data attained from mülâzım ruznâmçe?s, chapter one relays the emergence of the mülâzemet system and the reasons behind it, how it acquired a classic characteristic as well as its features and function in the second half of the 16th century. Chapter two and three, on the other hand, are based on data obtained from ruznâmçe?s on the matter of transactions. Thus chapter two involves the process of employment and its characteristics after entering the profession of the learned class. Furthermore, the rotation system of the class, the question of appointment in the profession and the process of leaving employment are studied in this context. Undertaking the transactions that transpire with the profession, the principles and conducts of the class within the profession, place of work and the group itself are considered in chapter three.As a result of the study, a substantial degree of institutionalization and bureaucratization was witnessed within the learned profession in the 16th century. Hence, as a result of all these actions: the profession took its classical form; attempts were made to put an end to favoritism; it had obtained a homogeneous and secluded identity when compared with other lines of work; and the ulemâ employed took their place amongst the most important bureaucratic components of society and the state with the tedrîs, kazâ and iftâ duties they had provided.