Kant'ın eleştirel felsefesinde benlik sorunu
Özet
This thesis is related to ideas that Kant argues about self in his critical period. The first part of the thesis, explores the ideas of Descartes, Locke and Hume on self and personal identity. The second part of the thesis, firstly, gives a general view of Kant`s critical philosophy and secondly, address the Kant`s critics of the rational psychologist whom considered self as substance and, address the Kant`s idea of self. Kant asserts three different sides of self; phenomenal, transcendental and noumenal. For Kant, human being is both phenomenal and noumenal being. As a phenomenal being, human being is subjected to the causality of nature, as a noumenal being he is subjected to transcend the determinism of nature and therefore necessity of nature, a free being that determines his own action by himself. For Kant independent from nature, feelings, inclinations and sensible desires, human being will be free, when he lived by a universal law that applied to everyone which grounded with pure practical reason. This understanding of morality is problematic: firstly, because it is independent from content of a formal morality. Secondly, again in this context, he argues that human being can get his freedom regardless from his nature, feelings, and inclinations. Also, Kant`s understanding of self that addressed with three sides, is not able to offer a comprehensive understanding of self because it ignores the phenomenal side of human being in moral actions.