XIX. yüzyıl Rus Edebiyatında 'gereksiz insan' tiplemesi
Özet
XIXth century is a period as famous Russian writers are the most productive, to bring in generous pieces to Russian literature as well as the world literature, that the Russian literature shine through and live its "Gold period". The topic of our thesis is "superfluous man" characters in the XIXth century Russian literature. In the XIXth century lots of famous Russian writers like A.S.Pushkin, A.S.Griboyedov, M.Y. Lermontov, A.I.Herzen, I.S.Turgenev, I.A.Goncharov ve A.P.Chekhov dealt with the issue of "superfluous man" in their masterpieces.While "superfluous man" issue starts to show up in the first quarter of the XIXth century, the politic, social, cultural, sociological, economic, psychological causes are effective. The issue is realized by the period writers who are interested in Russian society as they head towards the realism movement, and echoed in the XIXth century Russian literature as "superfluous man" characters.The "superfluous man" is a character that cannot adopt the superior abilities he has got into real life, falls into a dilemma between the thoughts and soul, doesn't accomplish his plans into real life, has a life without an aim or effort, doesn't have a place in the society and as a result of all those, who fall into spiritual breakdown. The typecasting which come forward among these characters are; Onegin in the masterpiece "Eugene Onegin", Chatsky in "Woe from Wit", Pechorin in "A Hero of Our Time", Beltov in the masterpiece named "Who is to Blame?", Chulkaturin in "The Diary of a Superfluous Man", Rudin as the main character of the book with the same name, Lavretsky in "A Nest of Gentlefolk", Oblomov the main character of the book with the same name, Raisky in "The Precipice", Nejdanov in "Nov", Sanin in "Spring Torrents" and Laevsky in "The Duel". Alongside the "superfluous man" has common characteristics, he transformed by the social changing process and different features arise in his personality.The "superfluous man" characters arise by Russian writers who are great observers as a result of having the people characterized that they had encountered in Russian society with the charm of the realism movement and reflecting in their works. The "superfluous man" characters in the XIXth century Russian literature has a great importance as it handled frequently in many literature works as the main or sub character throughout the era by the writers of the period who started to shed light on real life.