Kelam'da bilgi kaynakları
Özet
Since the beginning, epistemology is the first chapter to be considered in all fields. Knowledge is fundamental element in human mind. The important matter in epistemology lies in the relation between subject and object. Because this relationship determines the sources of knowledge and decides whether it is true of false.In our research we benefited not only from the classical works of Muslim Theology (Kalam) but also from the those of contemporary Kalam works, which enabled us to make a comparison between two. In doing so we evaluated them in terms of Qur?anic verses.Our study consists of two parts. In Chapter One, we defined knowledge and accordingly evaluated different definitions. After giving some valuable knowledge about reason, I compared it with other sources of knowledge.In Chapter Two, in general, the nature of revelation, its possibility and related matters have been discussed. What is aimed to narrate through revelation is just the Qur?anic verses. Revelation does not go contrary to reason, rather it supports it. In the final analysis revelation is not but supporter of the reason.Reason is basic source of knowledge in Kalam. Without it scientific knowledge has no any value at all. The knowledge obtained through senses and report is raw and needs to be evaluated by reason. Senses could be mistaken or could be short of evaluation in terms of what they sense. Reports (khabar) could be false, one-sided or deficient. So the knowledge obtained through these both needs to be verified by reason in order to have the criterion of objectivity.In conclusion, there is a unique source of knowledge, i.e. reason. Other sources are not independent sources of knowledge, rather they are the secondary aide of reason. Without reason the knowledge gained through senses and reports have no any validation.