1946 - 1950 arası siyasal hayatta ve basında köy enstitüleri: Vatan, Ulus ve Cumhuriyet gazetelerinde

Abstract

The village institutes were studied by tracing 5 government programs, statements of political parties, and three newspapers in between 1946-1950. These governments were the last four ones of Republican Party of which Recep Peker, Hasan Saka ( twice), and Şemseddin Günaltay were the prime ministers, and the first one of Democratic Party which came into power with the leadership of Adnan Menderes in 1950. The newspapers, Vatan, Ulus and Cumhuriyet were considered as samples of the press to be searched. So, the content of the thesis would cover the relationships between the village institutes and the political life, and the evaluation of their status via the press in the years of 1946 to 1950 when they were altered and criticized in spite of their initial affirmative progress wich was started after being founded on April 17, 1940 and continued up to 1946 when the political life with many parties was turned on. Throughout the course of this work, a limited number of interviews was made and evaluated with students/teachers of the mentioned period. The subject of this work may be considered important for two reasons. The first one is the Village Institutes theirselves because of the fact that they are still studied and discussed today. The second reason may be the evaluation of them in the press and the political life within a very important transition period started by the elections of 1946 when the first step of Republic of Türkiye into the political life of many parties was held. This period covers the last phases of the 27 years of dominance of Republican Party, and initial program of the government ofDemocratic Party. As a result, the basic hypotheses, given below were established, and then tested by analysing the consequences. These are; 1) The Village Institutes were effected by the publications in the press (Traced newspapers are Vatan, Ulus, and Cumhuriyet) 2) They were unfairly effected by Republican Party in this period (1946-1950). Then, the unfair effects were consolidated by the government of Democratic Party after the election of 1950. 3) The opinions like given below were frequently published in the newspapers; "villagers were unvolutarily forced to work for contructing the schools", "leftist and communist trends were took place in the institutes", "discriminations of villger and towsman were made", "there were conflicts between teachers graduated from institutes and from the others", "it was not sufficient to improve the villagers by both teaching and applying some jobs like agriculture, carpentry etc... with a very low salary".