Türk milliyetçiliğinin inşa sürecinde şamanilik tartışmaları
Özet
One of the most important features of the discourse produced in the Turkish nationalism literature, regarding what the Turkish national identity is, is the fact that it goes beyond ?the community of people living on the same land? definition identifying with a certain piece of land while defining the identity and ascribes an ethnical meaning to it. Thanks to this approach reflecting the primordialist and ethnical nationalist aspect of the Turkish nationalism, it was able to imagine a Central Asian heritage, but the geographical-cultural heritage of the Ottoman Empire and the Anatolian heritage the Turkish Republic has been founded, from which the essence of the Turkish ethnical identity has arisen and taken shape. According to this imagination, the Turkish ?motherland? is the carrier of the national identity shaped in the Central Asia, even though it has changed due to migrations.The building of the national identity is also a quest for the cultural authenticity, and emphasizes the distinction. With this aspect, the identity must be unique and incomparable. At this point Shamanism is accepted as a belief system that is peculiar to Turks, different from the other universal religions, lived once in the history or still being lived by Turks to the extent that it is an element placed in the essence of the Turkish national identity. Thus, the ethnic-religious groups that are assumed to be the carrier of the shamanist elements are accepted as the present day extensions of the original Turkishness in the past and included in the program of becoming Turkish. Besides that, the Shamanism is ?universalized? by equalizing it to totemism or sorcery all societies can experience, and thus it becomes possible to imagine a belief system in the pre-Islamic Turkish society, which is different from all the other religions in the World history and Shamanism and peculiar to ?Turk?. This is the Kök-Tengri (Sky God) that has been aligned with both the one god of Islam and laicism principle of the Turkish Republic.With all these aspects, Shamanism, which is the subject of nationalist ideology, is the object of lining up of this ideology by Islam, racism, Turanism, laicism and Anatolianism.