İslâm irfân geleneğinde hadis yorumu
Özet
The subject matter of this study, composed of an introduction and four other chapters, is understanding of prophetic traditions and sunnah in sufi tradition and its interpretation. In this study, we have evaluated hadith interpretation system within the scope of Sufism by making use of classical sufi works and sufi hadith sharh (explanatory) books, and by taking practical and theoretical sides of mysticism into consideration.In the first chapter, we have dealt with main terms about sufi hadith interpretation system, and some terms about understanding and interpretation of hadiths within sufi tradition. In this chapter, we have tried when dealing with main terms about understanding and interpretation which Sufis had evaluated differently from other Islamic branches of knowledge to point out different approaches among Sufis. We have tried to fix differences of practical and theoretical sides of sufi and irfani interpretation systems by discussing firstly "tasavvuf" and "irfan" terms. After dealing with "isharet", "bâtın" and "hikmet" terms which are the most referred words in Qoranic ayah and hadith interpretations within sufi traditions, we have discussed ?fehm?, ?fiqh?, ?istinbat?, ?mizan? ?keshf? and ?te?vil? terms which were referred in understanding and interpretation of prophetic traditions by classical sufi works and sufi hadith sharh (explanatory) books.The first topic dealt with in classical sufi works and sufi hadith explanatory books is "ilim (knowledge) and marifah" matter. For that, we tried to discuss ilim-marifah matter in second chapter independently by taking into consideration its relation with hadiths. In this chapter, we have discussed sufi knowledge marifah, and fixing its roots in hadiths and the role or impact of marifah understanding of Sufis on interpretation of hadiths. We have discussed its roots in hadiths under independent titles based upon special terms like ?ilim?, ?fiqh?, ?marifah?, ?qalb?, ?yaqin?, ?baseerah?, ?firasah? and ?noor? which they formed according to sufi epistemology.The essential important side of this chapter in terms of hadith interpretation system and of our study showed itself in its manifestation of different marifah understandings among Sufis in hadith interpretations. For this purpose, we tried in this chapter to determine impact of various marifah understandings of different scholars in their hadith interpretations, such as understanding of Muhasibi (243/857) who was one of the early stage sufis, and of Suhrawardi (632/1234) who gave place for practical and theoretical elements in his marifah understanding and of Muhyiddin İbnu?l-Arabi (699/1300) who was the greatest representative of theoretical-practial interpretation system.In third chapter, firstly we dwelt with viewpoint of sufis toward sunnah by discussing hadith and sunnah concepts in terms of sufi tradition and relations of sufis with hadith science. After that, we tried to determine factors having effect on sufi hadith interpretation system. Finally, in this chapter we dealt with sufis? hadith interpretation methods by giving examples from these hadith interpretations.We have reserved the fourth and the last chapter of our thesis for evaluation of sufi hadith interpretation system. In this chapter, we have tried to analyze conditions, which put forward for approving ishari interpretations accepted by both sufis and by the majority of Islamic scholars as different from mystic (batini) interpretations, by taking into consideration sufi interpretations. After that we made comparisons between ishari interpretations and mystic glosses (batini tawils) by examining agreement and disagreement points of ishari interpretations with mystic interpretations in cases of Ghazali and Muhyiddin İbnu?l-Arabi.We have tried to put forth results of datum we collected from main terms of understanding and interpreting, and differences in terms of marifah understanding and similarities between ishari interpretation and mystic glosses and differences by estimating them in terms of sufi hadith interpretation system showing its moderate and immoderate sides. In the last chapter of our thesis, we discussed sufi hadith interpretation system sometimes by comparing it with muhaddith interpretators? explanations, sometimes indicating different explanations of the same hadith by different sufis and the most important of all by giving examples for hadith explanations which didn?t distort meanings of words and others which declined to immoderate ishari explanations of hadiths which give way to mystic explanations in practical and theoretical Sufism.