Gamma radyasyonunun buğdayda (Triticum sp.) partikül bombardımanı tekniği ile gen aktarımına ve bitki rejenerasyonuna etkisi
Özet
In this research, forming physical and biological changes in cells and tissues via gamma radiation and by this way increasing plant regeneration and gene transition by particle bombardment method were aimed. For this purpose, primarily the effect of different gamma sources (C0-60 and Cs-137) and their relevant doses on plant regeneration were determined; after assigned suitable source and doses, particle bombardment and plant regeneration studies were started by using that source. According to literature, no studies were conducted about the effect of gamma radiation on gene transformation via particle bombardment technique.The highest results in all characters examined were obtained from control (0 Gy) application which was followed by 15 Gy gamma dose application, in both wheat cultivars (Bezostaja-1 and Çakmak 79) used in studies on plant regeneration via callus culture from mature embryos. Important decrease was observed in results obtained parallel to increase in gamma radiation doses. Although shoot regeneration was seen, no plantlet was grown in gamma doses over 15 Gy. The highest results were recorded from applications where Cobalt 60 gamma source was used in both cultivars. When Cesium 137 source was used, dramatic decreases were observed in results from all characters. It was determined that the highest results from all characters were obtained from callus when callus and embryo explants were compared in application of 15 Gy gamma radiation.When the effects of gamma radiation from different sources on leaf cells and photosynthehtic activity of the leaf from plantlet developed from callus, it was determined that the difference between Cobalt 60 originated 15 Gy gamma dose and control (0 Gy) application was not statistically important, however, considerable decreases were observed in the results from Cesium 137 originated 15 Gy gamma application.On the contrary of plant regeneration, in gene transfer studies, higher results were obtained from irradiations with Cobalt 60 originated 15 Gy gamma dose than control (0 Gy) application in all characters examined in both cultivars (Bezostaja-1, Çakmak 79) and explants (embryo, callus). In both cultivars used in the study, the highest number of blue spots per Petri dish was obtained from 15 Gy gamma dose and embryo explant.Finally, Cobalt 60 originated 15 Gy gamma dose which was treated to embryo explant, increased the gene transfer frequency significantly in gene transfer studies to wheat via particle bombardment technique.