Kadın girişimcilerin sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik profili (Ankara örneği)
Özet
This research was carried out among 220 married women in Ankara Urban Center to determine the socio-cultural and economic profiles of woman entrepreneurs. Average family size of the subjects who are included to this research is 3.70±0.067. Average age of the subjects are 38.39±0.580 and 44.09 % of the subjects are high school graduate. Subjects average duration of mariage is 17.78±0.603 years. 88.09 % of the subjects had children and average number of children per family is 1.79±0.052. Average monthly income of the families is 81.800±5.361 million Turkish Liras. 25.46 % of the subject are active on cloth sale and next to it tailors with 16.82 % and administrators of coiffeurs and beauty halls with 13.64 % are the occupations which followed. The average entrepreneurship period of the subjects are 5.41±0.371 years and 76.36 % of them did not have any preliminary training about their occupations. When age is considered among the explanatory variables, the individual(s) who supported the subjects to be an entrepreneur, Hie subject's individual or joint work conditions, those who are responsible for management of the income that is acquired through the entrepreneurship and their arrangements about the caring of the children is statistically found significants at PO.01 level. Whereas plans about the future, disagreements with the spouses about the spending money and the conflict of the entrepreneurship role with that of being housewife, mother and wife is found significant at PO.05 level.IV The findings indicate that whether or not they were employed before the became entrepreneur and the work they made before they became entrepreneur, the patterns of spending the income that they acquired from through the entrepreneurship significantly differed according to the level of education at (P<0.01). The relationship between the subjects' individual or joint work conditions, their plans about future, their willingness to participate in a training program in connection with entrepeneurship and their arrangements about the caring of the children is found significant at PO.05 level. When the duration of the entrepreneurship is considered, the patterns of spending the income that they acquired through the entrepreneurship, the effects of being an entrepreneur over their roles on social and economic lives and also the conflict of the entrepreneurship role with that of being housewife, mother and wife is found singificant at PO.01. The work that they made before they became entrepreneur, their plans about the future, the effect of being an entrepreneur over their participation to the family decisions is found significant at P<0.05 level. The three most important factors playing role in becoming entrepreneur among the subjects are found as : to meet the family needs, initiating social relations and self-actualization respectively. The most important problems that arose during the founding of their business are found as provision of the capital, bureaucratic procedures and lack of experience. The most important problems during the running of the administration are found as insufficient demand in the market, loan payments and tax payments. The subjects rated the individual features as the prerequisites of the successful entrepreneurs as self-confidence and courage, communication skills, patience and tolerance. Most of the subjects (88.64 %) perceived themselves as a successful! entrepreneur. Communication skills, self-confidence and courage, patience and tolerance are perceived as the individual traits that contributed to their success. Most of the subjects perceived that when they entered into stress for reason of family or work matters, the three most important underlying factors of such stress are insufficient demand in the market, excessive expectations of their family members and physical fatigue. Lowering the tax burden is the most important expectation of the subjects from the government (67.29 %). Most of the subjects expressed their willingness to participate in a training program in connection with entrepreneurship (62.73 %). Main subjects that are sought for as the content of such training session are knowledge about the business field, communication methods and market economy.KEY WORDS: Women Entrepreneurship, Socio-Cultural Profile, Economic Profile