Soğuk Savaş döneminde uluslararası antlaşmalar kapsamında Türkiye'nin güvenliğini sağlama arayışları (1945-1975)
Özet
The purpose of this study, dealing in the policies that Turkey pursued to ensure her security during the Cold War period caused by the political tension after the Second Wold War, is to examine the reasons and results of the political, military and economic treaties which Turkey signed under the influence of diplomatic difficulties and international threats in that period, to handle the domestic and foreign policy reflections of the responsibilities undertaken by Turkey to overcome the psychosocial, political, economic and military problems most particularly caused by military treaties, and also to present a critical approach about political fields in those years. In the content of the study, beyond the prominent treaties in the Turkish political history, some subordinate treaties that need to be examined and that have been implemented in various ways by referencing to the basic ones have been concerned. In order to access relevant information and documents form primary sources, the minutes of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM), the governments programmes, the memoirs of some diplomats who witnessed the period, newspapers and magazines of that time, The Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey, The Turkish Presidential Republican Archives, The National Archives of the U.S., The Historical Documents of Foreign Relations of the U.S., The U.S. Congressional Hearings, The U.S. Department of State; Bulletin / Reports, The U.S. Statutes at Large Collection, The National Archives of the UK, The UN Treaty Collection, NATO Archives Online and other official reports and publications have been examined. This study covers the years between 1945, in which the Second World War ended, and 1975, when the Helsinki Final Act was signed. The articles of some treaties which were signed between these years were analysed in the light of the statements by the members of TBMM, the practices of the government officials and the correspondence and negotiations with the relevant foreign states. Although it is hard to evaluate independently from each other, the examined treaties in this study have been divided into four separate chapters in order to be able to follow the content smoothly. In the First Chapter, the Political Treaties, of which reasons of signing, content and effects are mainly based on political foundations; in the Second Chapter, the Military Treaties, which directly address military issues and were signed under the umbrella of the NATO, still the largest military texture in the world; and in the Third Chapter, the Economic Treaties, which include the aids signed with the understanding of loan, lending and leasing or donation have been discussed. In the Fourth Chapter, the Détente Period, including a process during which the threats caused by the Cold War decreased or differentiated by the treaties between the two poles and when the bilateral agreements signed by Turkey were questioned and reconsidered, has been examined. The information and findings obtained during the whole study indicate that Turkey, having defence and security problems due to the threats to her national independence and territorial integrity in the Cold War period, regarded political, military and economic treaties as one of the solution methods. However, some of these treaties, contrary to the expectations, put Turkey under heavy obligations and caused a period to start in which the alternatives in Turkish foreign policy were restricted. The questioning of the historical signatures under the treaties, which were uncovered after the government reshuffle and asked for clarified, not only affected the domestic policy areas, but it also reflected on the agenda of the Turkish Assembly. The foreign policy, partly under the influence of foreign doctrines, was also unable to solve the national problems. As a result, the subordinate treaties built on the basic ones were shaped into intergovernmental promises and agreements by mostly deviating from their primary purposes.