Bilim incelemelerinin epistemolojik olmayan temeli: İçsel ve dışsal koşulların çatışması
Özet
If the correct theoretical background about "science", which is the object of science studies, is not possessed, the history, philosophy or sociology of science, which conflicts with practical science, becomes inevitable. Through the history, assuming science as a structure that has its own dynamics in a positivist sense and does not leave the boundaries of experimentation and observation forces being imprisoned in the idea of "ideal science". However, the theory and practice of the science is far from being ideal. In the theoretical field of science many areas of mathematics have included relativity and in the practical side of science which is basically experiment has also relativity in itself. The "error function" which is the most important criteria for an experiment is fundamentally based on a convention. Any convention is possible only if there is a relative situation. The most of foundations of the relative structure in science are driven by external factors. Therefore, social factors have to retain an integral position in the image of the science. While claiming that there is a relative structure even in the internal conditions of science, it is indispensable to provide the balance between external and internal conditions with "experiment/observation". However, for the results of the experiment to be valid, the experiment must be within the margin of error accepted by epistemic communities. The paradigmatic epistemic community, which is affected by social factors (economics, society, governments, etc.), determines the margin of error, and the margin of error function determines the "scientificity" of the experiment. Thus, even the experiment, which is one of the internal factors of science, is design by external factors. According to ethnographic studies, in some cases social factors prevail over internal factors and science is totally driven by the economic and sociological goals of that period.