Zeugma A, B, Danae ve Dionysos Evleri cam buluntuları
Özet
Zeugma, which was established on the west bank of the Euphrates River in the Hellenistic Period, became an important legion city in the Roman Period and an important trade center in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods due to its location on the ancient caravan and trade routes from east to west and north to south. This city, which had lived its most brilliant period in 2-3 centuries AD., was burned and destroyed by the Sassanid Emperor Shapur I in 252/253 AD. The traces of this destruction appear as a closed context in the fire layers identified in the residences where the people mostly live. Another major destruction in Zeugma was the Arab invasion in AD 636. Even though it had lost its former glory after the destruction in 252/253 AD, the city continued to live. Materials related to glass production from A, B, Danae and Dionysos Houses, which were excavated between 2005 and 2011, and 495 glass finds were examined in the thesis. Glass finds were examined in three separate sections as the Early, Middle and Late Roman Imperial Period. The least findings belong to Roman Early Imperial Period. The mold casting technique that shows the characteristics of the Early Imperial Period was found in the destruction layers in Zeugma in AD 252/253, which shows that the casting technique was used for a long time in Zeugma compared to other sites. With the arrival of the glass blowing technique in Zeugma, an increase in the variety of forms and quantities of glass tableware was observed in the Roman Middle Imperial Period. Before 252/253 AD, window glass started to be used in residence architecture in Zeugma and many window glasses were found in the destruction layers. Although Zeugma lost his magnificent life in the Late Roman Imperial Period, an intense increase in the form and quantity of glass finds occurred and in addition it constituted a very important period of time in terms of obtaining evidence of glass production from this period. The use of window glass and glass objects is more common in this period. In this period, local elements are manifested in the glass vessel forms and the decorations on them. It has been identified that the evaluated glass works are of both Western Roman and Eastern Mediterranean origin.