Diana Balmori'nin "bir peyzaj manifestosu" üzerine incelemeler ve türkiye'de peyzaj mimarlığının geleceği
Özet
It is possible to see today how nature is undergoing a negative and profound change due to the inevitable interactions in the relationship between humans and nature. With the destruction wrought on ecosystems and the environment by human activities, the discipline of landscape architecture is gaining an increasingly important role in spatial design and planning. The aim in this study is to provide the discipline of landscape architecture, whose professional practices have evolved and diversified in the 21st century, with a new framework that considers the sustainability and the ecological necessity of the human–nature interaction, and that also embodies new esthetic approaches. The main focus of this dissertation are the 25 items that were put forward by Diana Balmori (2010) in her work entitled A Landscape Manifesto (2010) with the aim of redefining and developing the field of landscape architecture. In the belief that the professional discipline norms of each society are shaped by their own intrinsic cultural structure, we obtained the views of landscape architects working in Turkey using a questionnaire developed in line with the aforementioned items. The findings obtained through surveys and questionnaires were interpreted and evaluated together with the analysis results of the method used in the study, and suggestions were made that would support the aim of the study, which is to define and develop the profession of landscape architecture in Turkey, and to enable those practicing the profession to establish a new formof relationship between nature and humans. To this end, concrete examples were given from Balmori's design concept and works. The findings support the view that political and economic factors affect the implementation of landscape design in Turkey. In this context, it is difficult to clarify the extent to which Balmori's (2010) manifesto, centered on nature and sustainability, actually figures in the practice of the profession in Turkey and in the future of landscape architecture. At this point, while landscape architecture is being redefined in the 21st century as an academic and professional field of study, it becomes important that the combination of nature, science, culture and art – on which landscape architecture is built – effectively become building blocks that further reinforce the discipline. To this end, the definition and scope of landscape architecture as a discipline should well described; the necessary scientific infrastructure should be addressed in education; and the content of training programs should be updated in a way that not only supports practice, but also helps in the creation of an institutional infrastructure.