Aşure Günü, tarihsel boyutu ve Osmanlı dini hayatındaki yeri üzerine düşünceler
Özet
abstract
Ashura Day, Some Toughts on Its Historical Dimension and Its Place in Ottonun Religious Life.
Ashura is the tenth day of Muharram, the first month of the Mu~lim calendar. Its general significance as a fast
day for Muslims derivers from the rites of the Je"ıish Yom Kippur. Scholars are not agreed as to the exaet day
on which 'Ashura' was observed in early Islam. Early hadith tradition seems to indicate that the day possessed
special sanetity in Arab society even before Islam. Thus the Jewish rite, which the Prophet observed in Medina
in 622 CE, only helped an a1ready established Arab tradirion to acquire religious content and hence greater
prestige. The Jewish chatacter was soon obscured, however, through its incorporation into the Muslim
calendar and its observance as a Muslim fast day. With tbe institution of the fast of Ramadan in the second
~ar of the Hijrah, 'Ashura' becarne a voluntary fast.For over thiıteen centuries the Shi'i community has
observed the day of 'Ashura' as a day of mourning. on the tenth of Muharram 61 AH (10 Oetober 680)
Husayn ibn Ali, feU in the banle on the plain of Karbala. The events leading to Hıısayn's death, which were
subsequently elaborated and greatly embellished, helped to heighten the drama of suffering and
marryrdomDuring Umayyad nıIe (680-750) the 'Ashura' cult grew in secret. But under the Abbasids (750-
1258), who carne to power on the wave of pro-Alid revolts, it was encouraged, and by the beginning of the
fourth century public commemorations were marked bya professional moumer, who chanted elegies and !ed
the faithful in the diIte for the marcyred imam and his foUowers. In 962, under the patronage of the Buyids
(932-1055), 'Ashura' was declared a day of public mourning in Baghdad. Processions filled the streets, markets
were closed, and shops were draped in bI.ıck. Special edifices called 'Husayniy.ıt' were built to house the
'Ashura' celcbration. Ashura had been aday which was ce1ebrated with joy or mourning in accordance with
the seeterian idendities of muslims in the Octoman period as it bad been throughout history.