Kara, HamdiYavan, Nuri2022-08-232022-08-232001http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12575/83352This research which examines the development and the structure of Turkish foreign trade from Reformation Period (Tanzimat) till now has three parts. In the fist part the results which stemmed from the foreign trade politics that Ottoman Empire employed in 19th century and the first quarter of 20th century and its reflections to the development of the foreign trade volume and balance; the structure of export and import in terms of goods and the distribution of foreign trade in accordance with the countries are examined. That Ottoman Empire followed a liberal foreign trade politics after Reformation Period caused a rapid increase in the foreign trade volume compared to the old times and the trade balance had deficits perpetually in general terms. The economic structure of Ottoman Empire depended on importing industrial products and exporting rather agricultural and mining products. Ottomans made their foreign trade with the five biggest industrial Western Europe countries. The subject of the second parts are the development (the volume of trade, quantity of trade, balance of trade, Per capita export, import, Gross National Product and its share in the world trade) and structure (the combination of export and import and its distribution in accordance with groups of goods) of Turkey's foreign trade in the process from the foundation of republic (1923) till 1980 and its distribution to the country and regional organisations. In this part which examined according to periods, it is observed that due to strategy of industry which depended on Turkey's import- substitution followed an invert and protective foreign trade politics. Yet in the years between 1923-1929 and 1950-1953 it is seen that a more liberal understanding appeared on the agenda. Turkey's foreign trade didn't undergo a great change in terms of both volume and structure and countries in the period between 1923 and 1979. It is seen that country import was formed through agricultural raw materials and for export capital goods and intermediate goods were essential to a great extent. In this period, Germany, USA, England, Italy and France are in the position of the most important trade partners with whom we made more than half of our foreign trade together. Besides OECD countries and EU achieved to the most important organisations with which we made the greatest part of our foreign trade after 1960.406 The alterations that occurred from 1980 till 2000 in foreign trade are analysed in the third part. In this part the structure, and development of foreign trade and its distribution to the country and regional organisations are examined, besides the causes of the biggest transformation that took place in foreign trade after 1980 are explained. Free zones, Customs Union, the relationship between transformation and foreign trade and the distribution of the foreign trade in terms of continents are among the other subjects of the third part. Turkey, which chose the strategy of export-oriented growth (industrialisation) according to the 24th January laws, increased the export and import volume in an extra ordinary way thanks to the liberal foreign trade politics that it followed after 1980. Especially the performance that export showed in the period between 1980-1989 is worthy of note. However, export couldn't acquire the same performance in 1990s. The biggest change that occurred after 1980 is related to that Turkey's export get rid of the agricultural appearance totally and acquired a structure which exported industrial products. So that, today approximately 90% of our export goods are composed of industrial products. Our import condensed an rather intermediate goods or raw materials. Apart from OECD and EU, our greatest trade partners, Islamic countries occupies in important share in our foreign trade. Thanks to the free zones which were founded starting from 1987, Turkey's foreign trade volume has developed a great deal. In these days highways transportation through are on the foreground in Turkey's export, but in import maritime line are essential. Consequently, this research takes a photography of Turkey establishing a relationship with the process of industrialisation-development and Turkey's foreign trade from the Reformation Period till now.trCografyamasterThesis