Tendency of vıolence ın team sports athletes: a scale development study
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Date
2021
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Ankara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi
Abstract
In the review of the literature on violence in sports, violence in sports is generally addressed with
elements such as the relationship between violence in society and sports culture, factors affecting violence and
aggression, fan violence and fanaticism, football and violence. It was also seen that scale adaptation or
development studies are carried out to determine perceptions, attitudes, and tendencies for violence in different
education, age, gender and sportsman groups. For this reason, by the current study, it was aimed to develop a
multidimensional scale to determine the tendencies of athletes involved in team sports towards physical, verbal,
and emotional violence, and it was tried to fill a gap in the literature. The research group of this study consists
of 293 amateur and professional athletes between the ages of 18 and 41 who are interested in team sports and
under license. By examining the literature on violence tendency, a pool of 41 items was created. The item pool
was sent to 5 different people who are experts in their field for content validity, and 8 items were decided to be
excluded from the scale pool after expert opinions. And the 33-item scale form was applied to licensed people
in team sports. Varimax rotation was performed in the exploratory factor analysis during the scale development
process, and 16 items with a factor load below 0.30 were removed from the scale draft. The scale items were
collected in three dimensions as physical violence, verbal violence and emotional violence. The variance
explained by the scale was found to be %44.977. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to verify
the three-dimensional structure of the scale after exploratory factor analysis (EFA). CFA results show that the
scale is within acceptable limits. Cronbach's alpha value was found as .848 in the physical violence tendency
dimension, .808 in the verbal violence tendency dimension and .734 in the emotional violence tendency
dimension. It was concluded that “the violence tendency scale in team sports" developed with the present study
is a valid and reliable measurement tool and it can be used to determine the violence tendency levels of athletes
who are in team sports.
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Keywords
Violence in sport, team sports, tendency of violence