Futbol hakemlerinin kararları üzerinde seyirci sesinin etkisinin incelenmesi
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Date
2004
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Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Abstract
The general aim of this research is to examine the factors which can be effective onfootball referees? decisons on the field. Referees were shown 18 different positions whichwere taken from some European leagues and Turkish Super League. The subjects were takenin a laboratory condition which was created by the researcher, as 7 referees in each group. Noinformation was given regarding the home or away team. In this study, half of the referees(N:74) were shown the positions with crowd noise and the rest (N:75) were shown in silence.Right after the incident occured, without knowing the game referee?s decisions, the positionswere paused for 6 seconds and referees were asked to make their decisons and select theirchoices on the forms which were given to them. The choices were; a-No faulb-Faul but no yellow card c-Faul with yellow card d-Faul with red cardIn this study the data was taken from 149 football referees (90 in amateour leagues and59 in professional leagues) who are in Ankara district. There are 361 football referees inAnkara district (278 in amateour leagues and 83 in professional leagues) and 149 footballreferees are %53 percent of all referees in Ankara district. Referees were divided in to twogroups according to their experience. Those who have been refereeing between 1-4 yearswere classified as `unexperienced referees? and those who have been refereeing for 5 yearsand above have been classified as `experienced referees?. Also referees were divided in totwo groups according to their refereeing level. Those who are refereeing in amateour leagueswere classified as `amateour? and those who are refereeing in professional leagues wereclassified as `professional?.Cross Tabs were used to analyse the data. CHI- Square was used to determine thestatistical significance. In general no significant difference was found between experiencedreferees? and unexperienced referees? decisions but when the cross tabs were investigated, itwas seen that `unexperienced referees? decided `No faul? in 12 positions more thanexperienced referees?.It was found that those who are refereeing in professional leagues tendto use their yellow cards more than those who are refereeing in amateour leagues. Also ingeneral those who are refereeing in amateour leagues tend to choose `No faul? and `Faul butno yellow card? options more. Because of the fact that most of those who are refereeing inamateour leagues are in the category of unexperienced referees, this result is supporting theresults which were found in experienced referees - unexperienced referees category.It was seen that the referees who watched the positions with spectator noise showedmore yellow or red cards than the referees who watched the positions in silence. Also thereferees who watched the positions with spectator noise tend to stop the game more than thereferees who watched the game in silence.This results can be interpreted in two ways. It can be said that experienced referees orthe referees who referee in professional leagues tend to stop and cool down the game whenthe tension is high or it can be taken as a sign that unexperienced referees or the referees whoreferee in amateour leagues hesitate to stop the game.
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