Bursa'da vakıfların sosyo-ekonomik işlevleri (1544-1588 ve 1749-1795 yılları arası vakıf muhasebe kayıtları ışığında)
Abstract
(In the Light of the Account Registers of the Waqfs Between the Years 1544-1588 and 1749-1795) Pious foundations are important organizations which increase social solidarity, arrange income-treasure ratio and social relationship and also create jobs. Thanks to such organizations for arrenging services in the fields of religion, education, health, town-planning and development and also for enriching the social life and trading in the urban areas. In the past records, the number of the local research about pious foundations established in Bursa is very rare. We hope that work will help to give some information about such a less known subject and contribute the history of the city in a social-economic way by the means of these foundations. This work is also focused mainly on avarız waqfs and cash waqfs after exarning accountancy records of waqfs which is listed in the judicial registers of Bursa. Avarız waqfs are established to pay extra-ordinary taxes and to supply cash for the people who is in need of financial support. These waqfs also help to pay repair cost of the mosques, water canals and water wells and the salaries of the people who work for the pious foundations. Cash waqfs are established to supply regular income for the pious foundations, to support tradesmen by giving them money to establish their own business. The works of these waqfs are under supervising of a group of people and the head of this group is judge of Bursa. This is a very research which shows the detailed list of the waqfs which were established in Bursa, most of them are avarız waqfs. We also added hirfet waqfs and eytâm sandıkları to that list.250 In the first part, we examined the legal basis of the waqfs, the establishing period of the foundations, the aim and the management and control systems of them. The period which is examined is 258 years. The research is relazied on 1 156 waqfs recorded in 1 1 accountancy books. The result of the research is "There were 278 waqfs which were able to live over a century". In the second part, the waqfs are examined in groups due to their dwelling and functions and also their expenses are examined. The result is "When food prices are compared with real property prices, the rental property prices seems lower and get lower every year due to high inflation" In the third part, the records of the cash waqfs are commented. The capitals of these waqfs as a credit compary, the management methods of the capitals, the credit amounts and the people who gets credits are in the third part and important as they show us the economic activities of the waqfs established in Bursa.